Fluorenol Polarity

1. In table format, provide the Rf values you recorded for each of the 3 compounds in Part I. List compound on one axis of your table and solvent system on the other. If multiple spots were present for a compound, give Rf value for each component and state if the component was major or minor. | 100% hexane| 25% EtOAc in hexane| 10% EtOAc in hexane| Fluorene| 0.34 cm| 0.94 cm| 0.67 cm| 9 – fluorenol| 0.00 cm| 0.49 cm| 0.05 cm| 9 – fluorenone| 0.00 cm| 0.69 cm| 0.21 cm| 2. Explain how Rf values were generally affected by polarity of the solvent/eluent systems. As part of your answer, rank the solvent/eluent systems in order of decreasing polarity (this can be done according to structure of the individual solvents and % composition of the mixtures). Also rank the 3 compounds in order of decreasing polarity (this compound ranking can be based on structure as well as on these TLC results). Explain each of your rankings. Compounds: 9-fluorenone, 9-fluorenol. Fluorene Solvent: Ethyl acetate 10% in hexane, Ethyl acetate 25% in hexane, 100% hexane Polarity of each compound reacted differently to each of the solvents used.As we know, ‘like’ interacts with ‘like’. Fluorene has the least amount of polarity based on structure and when it was mixed with non-polar and slightly polar solvents, its mobile phase moved the furthest. Such that when Fluorene was put in 25% EtOAc, which is 75% polar, its mobile phase was the furthest, followed by 90% polar in 10% EtOAc in hexane, and its most solid phase was in 100% hexane. 9–fluorenol is the highest polar compound based on structure and when it was mixed with a polar solvent its mobile phase was the slowest, therefore, it did not travel very far up the silica gel plate.When 9-fluorenol was mixed in slightly polar solvent, 10% EtOAc, its mobile phase also did not travel very far. The only time 9-fluorenol mobile phase travelled up the silica gel plate is when it was combined with 25% EtOAc in hexane because 75% of the solvent was polar, and the remaining 25% allowed its mobile phase to move up the silica gel plate. 9–fluorenone is the second most polar compound when mixed with the above solvents. Based on its structure, when mixed with 100% hexane there was no mobile phase because polar compounds stick with polar solvents.When 9-fluorenone was combined with 10% EtOAc, given about 90% polar, there was a slight mobile phase, moving just slightly up the silica gel plate. Its mobile phase moved the furthest when it was combined in 25% EtOAc in hexane, given about 75% polar, as the remaining 25% was able to move the compound up the polar silica gel plate. Based on the compounds and the Rf values, the compounds with larger Rf values means that the mobile phase traveled the furthest on the polar silica gel plate. Also, the compounds with the larger Rf value indicates that it was a less polar structure, as it interacts less strongly with the polar absorbent on the TLC plate.3. Based on structure, which of the 3 compounds can hydrogen bond to the silica gel? Explain your answer. Do compounds that can hydrogen bond to the silica gel generally have lower or higher Rf’s than compounds that can not? The 9–fluorenol is the only one out of the three compounds that can hydrogen bond to the silica gel plate. Based on Rf values shown in question one, it had a lower Rf value, generally meaning compounds that can hydrogen bond to the silica gel will have the lower Rf values.4. If you attempted to separate a mixture of the 3 compounds using liquid chromatography (see Ch. 18, Lab Techniques book), which compound would theoretically elute from the column first if 25% EtOAc in hexanes was used as eluent? Briefly explain your answer. Fluorene would elute from 25% EtOAc in hexane, since polar compounds are least likely to a have a mobile phase dislodge the fastest or furthest from the silica gel plate, which is polar.mIf the eluent were more non-polar, then there would be a mobile phase further from the solid phase, as non-polar compounds are able to move away from polar solvents because those compounds are not attracted to its polarity.5. Based on TLC, is your dibromide pure and different from trans-stilbene? In your answer give Rf values for each compound (make sure to give solvent system as well!). Do your TLC results prove that your product is really trans-stilbene dibromide? Explain. Based on my results, my dibromide c ompound is different than trans-stilbene.When both compounds were mixed in 100% hexane and 10% EtOAc in hexane, the Rf values were not so different. In 100% hexane, trans-stilbene’s Rf value was 0.39 cm and the dibromide had a value of 0.17 cm. In 10% EtOAc in hexane, trans-stilbene’s Rf value was 0.44 cm and the dibromide had a value of 0.65 cm. Since there was ‘lag’ the Rf value can be considered ambiguous and it is not very telling if the compounds are in fact different. When mixed in 25% EtOAc in hexane, the Rf value differed by 0. 02 cm (trans-stilbene value of 0.96 cm and dibromide value of 0. 4cm). The trans-stilbene and the dibromide do not share identical Rf values, but we can assume since there is only a 0. 02 cm different, it is not enough to say that they are two distinct substances; rather there is some mixture of trans-stilbene in the dibromide, because some of the characteristics may be similar.6. Briefly discuss your TLC results for the â⠂¬Å"headache relief† tablets. Do the tablets seem to contain caffeine? Explain. Does TLC prove your answer? If not, what other â€Å"evidence† would you need to convict Wiley Coyote (chemical evidence that is)? Pure Caffeine| Unknown tablet| Acetaminophen| Acetylsalicylic Acid| EtOAc/Hexane/AcOH66:33:1| 0.01 cm| 0.02 cm| 0.26 cm| 0.26 cm| Based on the above results, one could assume that the tablet did indeed contain caffeine. When the pure caffeine was combined with EtOAc/Hexane/AcOH the Rf value was 0. 01 cm and the unknown tablet had an Rf value of 0.02 cm. Since there was a difference of 0.01 cm, it is not clear to say that there was no caffeine present. Also, since the difference was so minimal between the two compounds it can be suggested that there were significant amounts of caffeine in the unknown tablet.mBased on the TLC results, the Rf values can conclude there was caffeine in the unknown tablet since there was not a big enough difference in values to say tha t the unknown tablet contained any other substances.7. Explain the key/simple difference between gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with regards to eluent (see Lab Techniques book). The mobile phase is an inert gas, generally He2 or N2 does not compete with the stationary phase like TLC or LC, where the mobile phase actively competes with the stationary phase. The mobile phase does not interact with the compounds during GC, while they do interact in liquid chromatography and TLC.8. Later, we will cover mass spectrometry, and will likely also mention a combined analytical technique called GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). A good overview of GC-MS can be found on Wikipedia (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gas_chromatography-mass_spectrometry). Briefly, but clearly, explain how GC-MS would be better at solving the â€Å"caffeine crime† compared to simple TLC. GC-MS combines gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances with in a test sample.It is used to perform specific tests that can positively identify the actual presence of a particular substance in a given sample. Although both GC-MS and TLC can identify substances in a given sample, the TLC is a more non-specific test that could lead to false positives identification. If the Rf values are identical, one can assume that the substance are the same and the GC-MS would be better to differentiate the Rf values for two separate substances in a given sample, giving a more accurate identification.

Reaction of Natives to the Japanese Occupation of Sea

The Japanese occupation of Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya impacted and hence triggered a response in Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya in the form of various nationalist groups. Some groups were formed and sponsored by the Japanese, yet others were formed to oppose the harshness of Japanese rule. Economic: The economic drain on the colonies in South East Asia resulted in the opposition of the natives towards the Japanese. In Malaya, the devastation and collapse of the economy caused a nightmare for the people of Malaya. However, many nationalist groups were formed within racial groups. The Chinese formed the Malayan Peoples’ Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). However they were not able to unite the society because membership was limited to Chinese only and they practiced excessive revenge against collaborators, causing the Chinese community to regard them with fear and wariness and the other racial communities could not join, hence fragmenting the effort. The Japanese sponsored the formation of the Indian National Army (INA) led by Chandra Bose, however the independence struggle lacked unity and ultimately failed. They also sponsored the formation of the Union of the Peninsular Indonesia (KRIS), however there was not much support from both the ethnic Malays and Japanese and also failed in the end. In Vietnam, the rampant inflation and the scarcity of basic necessities caused the nationalism in Vietnam to flourish. When the famine in Tonkin broke out in 1944, the Viet Minh took over granaries belonging to the Japanese and rich landlords and distributed the rice to the peasants. This contributed to the rise of the Viet Minh as they were viewed as heroes. Hence, in both cases, the harsh conditions caused by the Japanese occupation led to the rise of nationalist groups in Malaya and Vietnam. Social: The Japanese Occupation changed the society of Vietnam and Indonesia. It gave the people of Vietnam an obvious nationalist cause, to expel both the Japanese and the French. This allowed to Viet Minh, who promoted the struggle for independence, to flourish. The negative effects of Japanese policies roused the nationalist feelings of the people, making them more united in their fight for independence. In Dutch East Indies, the Japanese pursued active policies which affected the development of nationalist groups. The Muslim teachers were given better treatment and respect in contrast to the Dutch who generally ignored them. The Japanese also sponsored the formation of the Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims, also known as Masjuni, for the Muslims as a channel to voice their views directly to the top Japanese administration. They also imposed a uniform legal and education system, making Indonesian society more united and hence making it easier to cultivate nationalist feelings. The social changes caused by the Japanese to these two South-East Asian countries contributed to the rise of nationalism, which in turn served as the backbone of the natives’ struggle for independence after the Japanese occupation. Political: The political changes in Indonesia and Vietnam aided the rise of nationalism in these two countries. In Indonesia, the Japanese released several notable pre-war leaders from prison, allowing the released leaders to lead the nationalists. They also promoted the formation of the Pemuda Movement, which together with PETA helped to mobilize many youths and exposed them to nationalist ideas. Hizbullah, an organization for youth who opposed colonialism, was also formed. Furthermore, Soekarno, one of the released leaders, gave numerous nationalist speeches to active youths. These youths formed a significant base for the nationalist opposition to the re-imposition of Dutch colonial rule. In Vietnam, the rise of nationalism led by the Viet Minh and Ho Chi Minh, is seen when the harsh conditions caused by the Japanese resulted in the solidification of the struggle by the Vietnamese for independence from the French and Vietnamese. Furthermore, the Japanese also actively strengthened religious groups like the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao to counter the influence of the communists and nationalists. However, these groups would later become major nationalists groups after the Japanese Occupation. The Japanese directly caused the rise of nationalism in these two South-East Asian countries due to the effects of their policies, effectively aiding the nationalists in their struggle for independence from not only the Japanese but also their former colonial masters at the end of the war. In conclusion, the groups that mushroomed as a result of the Japanese occupation served as the main backbone of anti-colonial struggles for independence both during and after the Japanese occupation. Though the rule of the Japanese varied in different countries in the region, the end result was the same in all, nationalist groups ready to lead the struggle for independence with or without Japanese support. The reaction of the people in response to the Japanese forever changed the history of South-East Asia.

Adoption of New Innovations

Consumers go through five stages in the process of adopting a new product: 1. Awareness: The consumer becomes aware of the new product, but lacks information about it. 2. Interest: The consumer seeks information about the new product. 3. Evaluation: The consumer considers whether trying the new product makes sense. 4. Trial: The consumer tries the new product on a small scale to improve his or her estimate its value. 5. Adoption: The consumer decides to make full and regular use of new product. This model suggests that the new-product marketer should think about how to help consumers move through these stages. Individual differences in Innovativeness People differ greatly in their readiness to try new products. In each product area, there are â€Å"consumption pioneers† and early adopters. Other individuals adopt new products much later. Time of Adoption of New Innovations The five adopters groups have differing values. Innovators are venturesome—they try new ideas at some risk. Early adopters are guided by respect—they are opinion leaders in their communities and adopt new ideas early but carefully. The early majority is deliberate—although they rarely are leaders, they adopt new ideas before average person. The late majority is skeptical—they adopt an innovation only after a majority of people have tried it. Finally, laggards are tradition bound—they are suspicious of changes and adopt the innovation only when it has become something of a tradition itself. This adopter classification suggests that an innovating firm should research the characteristics of innovators and early adopters and should direct marketing efforts toward them. In general, innovators tend to be relatively younger, better educated, and higher in income than later adopters and non-adopters.

Optometry Education In Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Optometry Education In Australia - Essay Example The survey was based on information obtained from the personal interview with an optometrist which was a mandatory component of this assignment. The question type survey involved opinions of practitioners in Australia and internationally regarding the educational standards of the current university programs; the need for a national board examination system; and the opinion whether the profession was ensuring competence in practitioners. Also asked in the survey were the questions related to the need for national examination for overseas graduates, and if it is appropriate to conduct periodical mandatory examinations for practitioners. The results of the survey will be referred/referenced to throughout the essay. So what are the educational standards A concern is whether the current optometry programs taught in Australia are appropriate. The four to five year course that leads to the degree of bachelorhood in optometry can then be furthered by undertaking MSc, MOptom, PhD in the same field. Experiments/research has been undertaken to improve the learning process of the students in this regard and new experiments and studies are being conducted. The introduction of WebCT (Web Course Tools) i.e. learning by the help of E-learning by Herse at the undergraduate level has been successful and highly educational to students (Herse ,2003). In another study, Anjou showed written communication that is letters of referral and report between healthcare providers to be one of the most competent means of communications between the health care providers and has insisted in implementing the structure at the graduate level. (Anjou, 2003). An introduction to problem based learning in Queensland University of Technology has also been carried out. (Azer, 2001) These studies are examples of the various techniques being introduced to increase the educational standards in the field of optometry. However, there are many who believe the system is not up to par. Take Carney for instance. Carney holds the view that the current challenges the universities face require a better strategy in education and teaching. He blames the slow legal status of Australia. "We are all aware that to accomplish change in the legal status of the health professions in Australia is a frustratingly slow process." He maintains the need to "further evolve the profession and develop it further. (Carney,2000) Comparing to the USA standards, Carney states that the model of entry-level competency adopted by ASCO (The Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry), should be followed by a similar strategy in Australia to improve its educational standards. Carney believes Australia can reach to the levels of USA and UK (Carney, 2000). The US and UK standards are very good and are globally accepted and appreciated. He also maintains that the scope of the practice cannot be defined by entry level competencies alone (because) and stresses the need for further learning studies after graduation.(Carney ,2000). These skills and attitudes, in the author's view, will necessarily become integral and assessable attributes of graduates of the future. All these points hold merit but there are issues to the contrary.According to

Who will be the major political actors in international relations in Essay

Who will be the major political actors in international relations in the post-cold war era Furthermore, what do you think are the major issues in this new world - Essay Example One of the major political player in the post-cold war era is Europe, a continent that was turned into an object during the cold war due to the dominance that Russia and the infiltration that the United States. The post-cold war era has however ushered a new Europe, which has ended its object status and today considered as a major actor in international relations. The role of Britain and other European friendly states in helping the United States to strengthen its domination over the Soviet Union has been replaced by s block that charts its own course. With the formation of the European Union and the development of a single currency, Europe has stamped its authority in international relations, often differing with its cold war era partner, the United States. China has also emerged as one major super power due to its industrial and manufacturing strengths. Economic focus in the world has shifted from the United States as many countries today courting china to benefit from its great economy, available resources and technological advancements. As the new centre of attraction away from the United States, the strength of china can today be compared with the former soviet as it struggles to rival the United States and de-Americanize the world. Exports from china have increased tremendously with companies and multinationals from the country serving different contracts across the world compared to the former world powers (Luundestad 216). Apart from the emergence of new political centres in the world’s political landscape, issues of concern have also changed from arm building and wars to economic competition. Economic growth and the development of strong economic blocs like the European Union and the BRICS block has changed the political landscape in the world and resulted into a new political discourse. This explains the unease that the United States has developed over the current dominance that china is gaining especially in countries that formally

Biochemistry of Nutrition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biochemistry of Nutrition - Assignment Example The mechanisms included in DNA tolerance are a replicative bypass of template damage with gap formation and translesion DNA synthesis. This paper attempts to throw light on DNA repair by direct repair mechanisms. The major source of base damage upon exposure to UV radiation at wavelengths near absorption maximum of DNA is the production of photo products such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidones. The photoproducts mediate DNA damage by posing serious threats to viability and functional integrity of cells by interfering with vital processes including DNA replication and transcription. The reversal of DNA damage through photoreactivation is a mechanism that involves the repair of photoproducts. The light-dependent process reverses DNA damage through monomerization of cis-syn-cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers. Furthermore, the trans-syn-cyclobutyl pyrimidine is also repaired through the light-dependent repair process. The process involves the formation of a DNA complex with photoreactivating enzyme. The complex absorbs light (>300nm) which causes the repair of the damaging photoproducts after which the native DNA is restored after the release of photoreactivating enzyme. The depletion of one or more nutrients results in sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. A spore product called thyminyl-thymine adduct is formed when Bacillus subtilis is exposed to UV radiation at ~240nm. The repair of spore photoproduct occurs during early germination and is mediated through the SP-specific repair process. Furthermore, spore photoproducts are also repaired through nucleotide excision repair system. The formation of O6-Methylguanine occurs as a result of damage caused by the presence of alkylating agents such as N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography Example B. & HÃ ¶glund, A. T. (2008). Physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of patient involvement in myocardial infarction care. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 7 (2), 113 – 120. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2007.05.005 From the background of the role of patients’ involvement in improving outcomes in healthcare, these researchers determine the behavior and perception of physicians and nurses with regards to acute MI patients’ involvement. Having conducted a questionnaire study among cardiology staff from 12 Swedish hospitals, the research showed no significant variation in the responses of both physicians and nurses. They considered time constraints and being unsure of how to communicate with patients as their hindrance to promoting patient involvement. Therefore, the article advocates for proper staffing and education on communication skills as key components of ensuring effective care and management of MI patients. In this article, Bakan and Akyol (2008) document their research that sought to examine Roy Adaptation Model, RAM on adaptation of heart failure patients. RAM is an approach that appreciates nursing’s biobehavioral knowledge as balancing between the understanding of a person as both a thinking and a physiologic in a physical environment and feeling the human experience in cosmic world. The findings indicate that RAM improved the quality of life of heart failure or MI patients, their functional capacities and social support. Thus, the article concludes by advocating for RAM as an effective approach that nurses need to adopt when caring for MI patients. Fortin, C., Dupuis, G., Marchand, A. & D’Antono, B. (2013). Chronic post-traumatic stress following a myocardial infarction: Prevalence and detection in hospital setting. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 2 (1), 133 – 139. doi: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000132 This article is important in showing the role of nurses during the period of patients’ recovery from

Justifying the Increase in Tuition Fees Research Paper

Justifying the Increase in Tuition Fees - Research Paper Example Spending on education has become a part of the family’s consumption. Parents would save a portion of their incomes for their children’s education. It is because they see a brighter future through education. Education promises a good job in the future. A good job will give a man a better position in his future life.  Ã‚   These were the cases before. Our world now is becoming demanding. It now requires more knowledge and skills for us to continue our existence. This means we need not only to have our basic education but also to enter a university and finish a degree. We have to pay for our education if we want a good paying job after graduation.The Government has withdrawn its support for undergraduate studies. This may be the result of a shortage in the Government budget not being enough to finance all the spending for its people’s basic education up to higher level. So, the private sector needs to help the government in providing higher education for the peopl e. As a result, annual tuition fees of top universities are expected to increase. Debates may arise as proposals for higher tuition fees enter the scenario.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In our dynamic economy, the future is always uncertain. We never know what will happen next. We will never know where our decisions will take us. We will never know how other people will react to our actions. So there is always the risk. So in these times when everything seems to go high, from the prices of basic commodities up to tuition fees in universities, we are faced with tough decision making. A lot of questions now are playing on our minds. Will I continue my studies and accept the increase in tuition fees? Will the increase in tuition fees worth my stay at the university as I expect to land a good paying job after I graduate?   Or will I stop studying, leave the university and work instead? Will companies hire me against an applicant who has a degree? To help a school leaver decide under this uncertainty, we have to analyze the expected utility and the cost and benefits of going to the university.

TO WHAT EXTENT MBA DEGREE MOTIVATES PEOPLE TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR Essay

TO WHAT EXTENT MBA DEGREE MOTIVATES PEOPLE TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR - Essay Example Professional courses in management and administration provide the requisite knowledge based curricula that are intended to meet the challenges of the changing times. MBA or masters in business administration is the professional course that imparts and helps to develop and understand the pros and cons of the business so that people pursuing this course are able to manage it with more proficiency and creativity. With the whole range of modules, covering the various core areas of business, the highly demanding professional degree is designed to motivate the professionals to be creative and improvise and improve the business processes to compete effectively with the changing business trends. Therefore, it is important to know whether the MBA degree, provided by the different universities are indeed able to meet with their pre-meditated goals of equipping the students with the requisite skill and knowledge that would meet the wider implications of the business acumen needed to meet the challenges of the rapidly changing times? The purpose of the study is to gauge the impact of the professional course on the creative inputs of the students in the real life situations and evaluate the extent of motivating factors which would influence his business decisions. In the era of globalization, the emerging trends in business are crucial to understand and therefore, it becomes imperative to know whether MBA produces the professionals who are not only good administrators but also develop the traits of entrepreneur and intrapreneurs who are equipped to improve and improvise the business processes to optimise the intended output, within the parameters of organizational goals and objectives. It is also important to know whether the graduates of the MBA are able to meet the criteria within the defined parameters or are sufficiently motivated to exploit their entrepreneurial skills to further improve their aims and objectives. The universities facilitate higher studies in the

Merit Pay For Teachers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Merit Pay For Teachers - Research Paper Example (3) Pay for performance, or merit pay, for teachers can solve both problems. â€Å"Money plays a major role in educating America’s students,† state Kaplan and Owings in American Education: Building for a Common Foundation. â€Å" For the 2008-2009 school year, nation-wide public education at all levels cost one trillion dollars...When it comes to quality education, we as a society can pay now or we can pay later...It is a critical investment in a community’s—and our nation’s—infrastructure.† (Kaplan 2010) Assuming that we want to take the wiser course and pay now, thus avoiding future economic catastrophes, one of the things we need to do is to increase teachers’ salaries while also encouraging them to be more effective in the classroom. Texas Six years ago student scores at Audelia Creek Elementary School in Richardson, Texas, were among the worst in the district. More than a third of the teachers left. Now, thanks to TAP, the Teacher Advancement Program, Audelia’s students have some of the highest scores and teachers seek to work at Audelia. TAP is a national teacher evaluation and training program that includes annual cash bonuses for high-performing teachers. Teachers of each grade level meet regularly and are led by a master teacher who trains and evaluates them. One meeting, for example, focused entirely on how to teach students to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. â€Å"It’s not the sandwich, it’s the process,† the principal explained. For a teacher to know whether a student understands a reading assignment, she needs to ask the student to re-tell the material. But that's not a process that comes naturally to many kids. So the teacher has to "pre-tell," modeling the steps that students would take to organize their thoughts in order to re-tell material they've heard. For the Richardson district, teachers who hit the minimum TAP targets get an extra $2,000. But the b onus could be as much as $3,500. Over the past two years, most of Richardson's TAP teachers got around $2,800. "It's the best teaching model I have ever seen," one teacher said. "But it's not for the faint-hearted." In 2010 Audelia was awarded the annual $50,000 TAP Founder's Award by the California-based National Institute for Excellence in Teaching. The State of Texas gave its blessing to districts to find their own ways to strive for excellence. District Awards for Teacher Excellence (DATE) programs were first implemented in Texas districts during the 2008-09 school year. The program is currently in its third year of operation with approximately $197 million in annual state funding. All districts in the state are eligible to receive grants, but participation is voluntary. The National Center on Performance Incentives at Vanderbilt University found that student achievement has improved and teacher turnover has declined in schools participating in the Texas state-funded DATE progra ms. Colorado Denver’s move forward in 2005 has been called both â€Å"the nation’s most ambitious teacher pay plan† and â€Å"making pure dumb luck work.† In 1990 the Board of Education first negotiated into labor agreements the formation of committees to study merit pay. There was not much enthusiasm. On November 1, 2005, Denver voters approved a $25 million property tax increase tied to ProComp, a program of merit pay for teachers. ProCamp has four components: student growth, market

What Highschool Is Essay Example for Free

What Highschool Is Essay Theodore R. Sizer in his essay What High School Is begins with an illustration, a detailed account of the opening of the day at a high school, following one student named Mark, sixteen years of age, as he arrives at school, greets his friends, and goes to class. This section is a rather dry recitation of his schedule on this particular day, with some vivid descriptions of the classes, the other students, and the different elements of the school day. This entire section runs four and a half pages and serves as the introduction to the entire essay. This is a daring and not entirely satisfactory approach. There is nothing ahead of this description to assure the reader that the entire essay will not consist of this detailing of one students day, though in fact the essay has something else in mind if it can hold the attention of the reader until the author gets to it. He might have offered some more traditional introductory remarks to indicate that he has a purpose in telling this lengthy story, which would gain him mileage with many, but instead he just launched into it and continues through to the end of the day. After this, of course, comes what might be considered a more The reading What High School Is by Theodore R. Sizer accurately depicts an average day for a high school student, but fails to show some of the most critical things about what high school is. A large portion of the reading tells about the average day of a student named Mark. This portion of the story is the focus of my response. Although the description of his day is pretty accurate, it fails to show the emotion and feelings of that day. The story only describes what he does in his classes and not what he thinks about those classes. The story over simplifies what high school is to each individual student. Although most students probably follow about the same schedule, the way that student reacts towards his classes, teachers, students, and administrators varies greatly. While one student might enjoy his or her schedule and teachers, another student with the same classes might hate school because of it. Another very significant part of high school that Sizer fails to mention is the so cial aspect. One of the MOST important skills learned in high school is social interaction. Sizer barely mentions that the part of the day that most students learn the most, and look forward to the most, is their lunch and passing periods. Most students opinions on high school and whether or not it was a good experience for them greatly depends upon how well they can socialize during these times of the day. If a person was to ask an outcast what they thought of their high school they would most likely relate the experience as a negative one. However, if a person was to ask someone who even had some social interactions that person would most likely have had a positive high school experience. Overall, Sizer does a good job of showing the class experiences of a student but fails to even mention one of the most important factors in that students high school career, their social interactions.i completely agree with you on the part about high school experience, and that is something that always differs from all of us. now going back to what schools are doing it can clearly be seen that depending on the location of the school, it is how the kids would learn to be socially aware citizens and critical thinkers. unfortunately not many of the schools are doing this.. but why? should we let our kids fail on their own so that they become responsible? I think its fine that the author didn’t include Marks feelings or how high school social life is very important. Thats not the focus of his essay. He is pointing out that the public education system is failing to provide true scholastic and humanistic substance for students. Schools say they want to teach moral and ethical values and self-realization to students, but do very little in those stated goals. Yes, a lot of us have had wholesome high school experiences but thats because weve made great friends and been around great people. What about great teachers or administators? What are they doing to give students a valuable education experience?

The Bean Trees Essay Essay Example for Free

The Bean Trees Essay Essay Life’s Journey Vijay Sherigar wrote in his poem Journey that, â€Å"From where I started to where I am today. The journey has been long tiring from nothing to something I am today. It’s not been an easy journey.† The journey and its paths that we travel are in both the poem My Rebirth and the book The Bean Tree and all three poem, book and journey lead to the rebirth of something bigger, better, brighter and most importantly new. A thematic similarity of renewal through pain, love, time and life’s journey, is found in both the poem My Rebirth and in the story The Bean Trees. Though fears can hold one back, patience, accompanied with a little love can help to overcome those worries, even those from the worst past imaginable, and can also lead to the road of finding oneself. The poem begins and later closes in stating that, â€Å"Where there were once tears of sorrow, they are no more. Body and soul, I seek potency within†¦.I must not be afraid, where there is fear, comfort will come, patience is the key†¦.Have faith, I know I am loved, I am free, this is me, this is the story of my rebirth. â€Å"Just as in the poem elegiacally puts, it takes time to heal, to overcome fears, to dry the tears of pain away and  go on with life. Turtle takes her time to, for lack of a better phrase, come out of her shell, no pun intended. She was abused in many different ways, resulting in her fear, and seemingly lack of emotion or â€Å"personality†, as Lee Ann so kindly puts it. Slowly, as she is showed love, gentleness and patience, and given time, she begins to develop a character. She holds on literally to anything stable she can find, or grip that is, and metaphorically holds steadfast to her fears and meekness. At first, she found it necessary to retract and almost be robotic or nonexistent, but as she is exposed to something in all sense of the word, though not blood linked, a loving, nurturing, family, slowly she lets go of her fear and begins to talk, play, learn, and even remember her past, and she is able to do so because of her knowledge that she is loved, free of he r former horrors. Taylor finally decides to take Turtle, on account of her abusive history, to the physician. In this visit, the doctor concludes that Turtle ceased growing as an outcome from her previous â€Å"environment of physical or emotional deprivation†. The condition is known as â€Å"failure to thrive† and though it is appalling that such a past was forced on such a small and innocent little girl the silver lining of the situation is the condition is reversible (p. 166). Turtle did just as the condition describes and failed to bloom, almost to the point of failing to exist, making herself near to invisible. But as time and love worked its magic, Turtle, realizing she is not alone anymore, slowly begins to reverse her condition. She faces her fears and begins to start again. Though not free from all terrors she is given the chance to flourish and she grasps the opportunity, with just as firm a hold as her literal grip. She finds restoration in the opportunities that patience and love have handed to her. Later on as Turtle buries her doll, Shirley Poppy, Taylor begins to explain to her that while seeds grow, dolls, on the other hand, do not. But, when Turtle pats the pile of dirt and says â€Å"Mama,† Taylor feels the need to ask her, â€Å"Did you see your Mama get buried that way?†(p. 281). After Turtle acknowledges that she did indeed see her mother buried, Taylor consoles her, later telling her, â€Å"You already know there’s no such thing as promises. But I’ll try as hard as I can to stay with you.†(p. 282).As Turtles grows, she able to remember more of her past and as she becomes more courageous, she begins to confront that horrific past. As she gains strength, she is able to give that same quality;  thus through Turtles maturing and prospering, Taylor is given the strength and reason to face her fears, in her case, tires, motherhood and depending on others . With a little time, patience and love Turtle is able to â€Å"have faith†, because she knows of that love for her and is therefore able to be renewed or freed, beginning to find herself in the process. Just as the poem states, even â€Å"tears of sorrow† and fears from the past, can be overcome with love and the knowledge of that love along with perseverance and endurance. Comfort can follow the fears that remain and sometimes eventually drive them away, leaving faith, love and freedom behind. Through the time, chances, and hopes that tribulations offer, a certain peace and happiness can be obtained and sometimes allow troubles to be let go of. The poem ends explaining the journey and prospects ahead in saying, â€Å"Behind the door lies a pool, if I trust, than will I bathe in its waters. I leave behind all misfortunes, I shall be reborn. Breathe again, all is forgiven, I appreciate this second chance. Time is what I have. â€Å"Just as in the poem, time and leaving behind all burdens has given a second chance, the same chances are offered to Esperanza and Estevan. Through their misfortunes, such as losing their daughter and being forced to flee from their country, they are offered opportunities in the United States, the â€Å"pool†; sneaking across the border, they find refuge in Mattie’s â€Å"sanctuary†, the â€Å"waters.† They trusted the doors opened for them by their plights and left behind many worries, allowing them to â€Å"breathe again† and giving them more â€Å"time†, though still not freeing them of all troubles. Estevan talks about torture methods used in Guatemala. He also tells Taylor how he and Esperanza had a daughter, Ismene, â€Å"she was taken in a raid on their neighborhood† in Guatemala (p. 183). Estevan and Esperanza’s attachment to the teacher’s union caused them to be a threat to the government, but because they â€Å"knew the names of twenty other union members† and because they wanted the names of those people, the government kept them alive for their valued information and took Ismene to lure Esperanza and Estevan into offering up the names (p. 183). But they chose saving the other union members’ lives instead of redeeming their daughter; they then fled to the United States. Neither Estevan nor Taylor cried at or during the retelling of such a horror and later Taylor defends their actions, or lack thereof, saying, â€Å"It’s hard to explain, but a certain kind of horror is beyond tears† (p. 183). Estevan continues to describe how  he finds peace in believing that his little girl is thriving somewhere else, in a safe and respectable environment, something he cannot provide in his present situation. In reminding himself that he cannot provide a safe atmosphere for a child, much less himself and his wife, he finds peace in the chance that Ismene, through the horrible conditions she has endured, is possibly able to gain opportunities that could not have been given to her if she had not been taken away. In choosing to save the other union members he and Esperanza were able to grasp a new beginning in what is thought of as the American Dream and unknowingly give Ismene better prospects. But with Border Patrol and immigration laws they are forced to sneak, hide and sacrifice, yet they are safer and still have more than before; the chances to find a fresh start still remain, somewhere and somehow. He is revitalized in his hope for chances, opportunities, dreams, and fresh starts for him and his broken family. Later, at Mr. Armistead’s office, Estevan and Esperanza pretend to be Steve and Hope Two-Two, saying they are Turtle’s birth parents and Taylor poses as Turtle’s adoptive mother. Mr. Armistead, believing the performance in front of him whole-heartedly, reminds them all of the permanence of the adoption, and asks the â€Å"Two-Two’s† to confirm that they are ready to give up their daughter. Esperanza begins to sob at this and says, â€Å"We love her. Maybe someday we will have more children, but not now. Now is so hard†¦.we have nothing, no home.†(p. 287). After the entire episode is over and Turtle is now â€Å"April Turtle Greer† all four friends head to the safe house in Oklahoma inside a church for a fresh start for both Estevan and Esperanza. Somewhere in Esperanza’s speech Taylor realizes that there is no acting needed in this situation for Esperanza; in her mind she is now letting go of Ismene and giving her over, symbolically, into safe hands, in this case Taylors care. This is her closure and allows her to finally be at peace. Now she and Estevan are able to move on and begin again, in their new lives at the safe house. In the likeness of Turtle to Ismene and symbolism of the situation of her adoption and their role-play, she is revived to someone much closer to the true Esperanza and is a step closer to happiness. Just as the poem beautifully puts, the leaving behind of troubles or better known as moving on, and time provides, even as outcomes of misfortunes, opportune  chances, not able to be reached without the trials. Even as the poem metaphorically sets up an imaginary picture, bringing faith to those in the midst of the trials, the hope and dreams of the chances of results and the future bring peace. Both the poem and book are closely tied on a theme, motif, and even character basis. Both express the need for time, love, patience, faith, hope for favorable chances, and even misfortunes and these are the needed for the journey. It was once said, by Lao Tzu, that, â€Å"A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step.† But what was left out was what would be needed for the rest of the journey, for as it is known it’s not enough just to take one step. Though maybe needing to take a detour to obtain these qualities, possibly crossing over few, to many tribulations, they are still needed. Once being exposed to them and or obtaining them one is ready to begin to find themselves. Therefore, leading to the rebirth of a new and matured person. In Corinthians 13:13 it says, â€Å"Three things will last forever—faith, hope, and love—and the greatest of these is love.† These things, though in no way easy to possess, how we express them and if we allow ourselves to take what they offer are what define us and our life’s path or journey. This proves what Vijay Sherigar said in his poem Journey to be true, â€Å"Tried with luck; tried with hard work, tried with destiny too†¦.It’s not been an easy journey.† Works Cited: 1 Corinthians 13: Love Is the Greatest Works Cited: Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1996. My Rebirth Works Cited: Deaths, Maiden. â€Å"My Rebirth.† All Poetry. http://allpoetry.com/poem/2314032-My_Rebirth-by-Raven_Tears (20 August 2011). Journey Works Cited: Sherigar, Vijay. â€Å"Journey.† PoemHunter. February 25, 2008. http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/journey-41/ (20 August 2011). The Idea of Resurrection (Restoration; Rebirth; Renewal; Revival) as a Motif Works Cited: Kingsolver, Barbara. â€Å"Literary Analysis: The Bean Trees. Helium. April 30, 2007. http://www.helium.com/items/307860-literary-analysis-the-bean-trees-by-barbara-kingsolver (20 August 11). Works Cited: SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote

The Advancement Of Technology And Construction Industry Construction Essay

The Advancement Of Technology And Construction Industry Construction Essay 2.1 Introduction The construction industry recently dominated many changes due to the advancement of technology, the industry needs to work collaboratively and pool knowledge in order to capture innovation. Its a common dilemma in the construction industry: how to capture knowledge and transfer it from one job to another, where there will be innovation among the talented personnel. Constructing Excellence, though, has come up with an innovative ground-up way of boosting RD and innovation. The construction process of today is in need of improvement. When comparing the construction process of today with the aspects that are considered necessary for the innovation process, it is clear that there are problems in the sector that to various extents hinder innovations. According to Kristian Widen the construction sector is blamed to be over conservative and low on innovation. Many different types of actions have been initiated depending on what is believed to be the problem. Generally Innovation in construction can be studied from many different perspectives. Traditionally, innovation in general has been studied from either an innovation systems perspective or from the single innovative company. Simplified, innovation systems research deals with how the different companies, government and other institutions relate to each other in the innovation superstructure, while research on the company often deals with its innovation capabilities, strategies etc. These different ways of looking into innovation have taken place in the construction sector as well over the years. There have been a number of studies covering, for example, how national research policies support construction innovation and how projects should be organized. The construction industry is generally driven by single projects that require the creation of a team to do the work and the subsequent dissolution of that team once the job is completed. This can both enable and constrain innovation. It enables innovation by ensuring great flexibility and fast adoption of new ideas and technology, but it can also constrain innovation as much knowledge gained through the process of a project is lost as the business moves on to the next project. Developing a strategy for learning within your organization can help overcome the potential problems of lost knowledge. Documenting lessons learned and best practices after every project can be a useful way to avoid previous mistakes and learn from experience. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2.2 Review of the literature 2.2.1 Construction Innovation The need for innovation in the construction industry has long been stressed from both within and outside the industry. Changes in global markets, increased customer expectations, and government pressure have all led to innovation becoming a key focus for the construction sector. To echo this, a recent government report claims that Innovation needs to be at the heart of the construction industrys efforts to improve productivity and develop new capabilities, business and markets. Innovation in construction is considered to be the act of introducing and using new ideas, technologies, products and/or processes aimed at solving problems, viewing things differently, improving efficiency and effectiveness, or enhancing standards of living (The Civil Engineering Research Foundation (CERF), 2000, p. 2). It is increasingly recognized that innovation is not an orderly or neat process, but a process that is disorganized, controversial, and uneven that competes with the day-to-day business and everyday constraints of your business. Therefore, a conscious strategy to manage innovation is crucial in order to spot opportunities and convert these into growth. Generally there is no clear definition of the concept innovation. Many different varieties and also different models exist. For instance Innovation is the process through which firms seek to acquire and build upon their distinctive technological competence, understood as the set of resources a firm possesses and the way in which these are transformed by innovative capabilities (Dodgson and Bessant, 1990, p 38). Similarly its also defined innovation as Innovation means the application of new knowledge to industry, and includes new products, new processes, and social and organizational change (Firth and Mellor, 1999, p.199), It is when an act, as an idea, begins to impact on its environment (Atkin, 1999, p.4). A technological product innovation is the implementation/commercialization of a product with improved characteristics such as to deliver objectively new or improved services to the customer. A technological process innovation is the implementation/adoption of new a significantly improved production or delivery methods. It may involve changes in equipment, human resources, working methods or a combination of these. OECD, 1997, paragraph 24) A technological product innovation is the implementation/commercialization of a product with improved characteristics such as to deliver objectively new or improved services to the customer. A technological process innovation is the implementation/adoption of new or significantly improved production or delivery methods. It may involve changes in equipment, human resources, working methods or a combination of these. OECD, 1997, paragraph 24). Construction Innovation The construction innovations occur in different ways in the organizations, where some times we see they are common models take place in the organizations, while some times innovations occur in different models. Most business drivers to the need for the construction industry to put stronger focus on innovation, and one of the best series documents illustrates the recent attention that has been paid to this subject( Gann and Slater, 1998; Slaughter, 1998; Winch, 1998, Aktin, 1999; Gann et al., 2000; Koskela and Vrijhoef,2001). Drucker defined innovation as the effort to create purposeful, focused change in an enterprises or social potential. Others also defined innovation as innovation is defined as generation, acceptance and implementation of new ideas, processes, products or services (Thompson, 1965) or the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization (Amabile et al., 1996). According to the previous studies there are five models suggested by Slaughter, namely incremental, modular, architectural, system and radical innovations, by using these models of innovations companies can plan their implementation activities with respect to timing of commitment, coordination among project tea, special resources, and level of supervisory activity. The definition provided by Slaughter (1998) is broadly accepted by participants and academics. She defines innovation as follows: Innovation is the actual use of a nontrivial change and improvement in a process, product, or system that is novel to the institution developing the change. Innovation in the construction industry can take many forms. Slaughter (1998) characterizes such innovation according to whether it is incremental (small, and based on existing experience and knowledge), radical (a breakthrough in science or technology), modular (a change in concept within a component only), architectural (a change in links to other components or systems), or system (multiple, integrated Innovations). Apart form that, its increasingly accepted that construction innovation encompasses a wide range of participants within a product system (see, for example, Marceau et al., 1999). The construction industry is being increasingly challenged to successfully innovate in order to satisfy better the aspirations and need of society and clients and improve competitiveness (Latham 1994; DETR, 1998). Its also very important to consider the existing literature on the broad topic of construction innovation drivers and their operation in a variety of countries (see Blayse and Manley 2004), with the contributions of four authors standing out: Seaden (e.g., 1996), Winch (e.g., 1998), Slaughter (e.g., 1998; 2000) and Gann (e.g., 2001). These authors appear to most effectively mobilize expertise based on both the construction industry literature and the innovation literature. However, despite the significant contributions of these authors, there remains an opportunity to contribute to the literature by exploring construction innovation benefits, using Malaysia construction industry as case. Construction innovation as a field of study has generated a number of useful critiques of the industrys performance, the higher the levels of innovation in the construction industry, the greater the likelihood that it will increase its contribution to economic growth. The innovation processes always takes place but with out notice and the companies in the construction industry are interested innovative technologies in order to be competitive in todays market. In order to be clear with the above mentioned models, firstly we must understand the differences between innovation and invention, invention is a detailed design or model of a process or product that can clearly be distinguished as novel compared to existing arts. Innovation, on the other hand, is the actual use nontrivial change and improvement in the process, product, or system that is novel to the institution developing the change (freeman 1989). Generally the innovations has its benefits to the construction industry, commonly the innovations increase economic growth (Schumpeter 1934), apart from that the innovations also increase the productivity and efficiency (Schmookler 1952), innovation can also be associated with market growth, through the provision of new or improved products and services and reductions of cost of production. On the other hand construction-related innovations can also have significant social benefits (Seaden 1996). There are many attempts to define innovation within the industry, and one of the most comprehensive definitions was given by Ling (2003) and could be considered as the most comprehensive within the construction industry context. He defined innovation as an implementation of new idea to a construction project with the intention of deriving additional benefits, although there might be some associated risks and uncertainties. The new idea may be refer to new design, technology, material component, or construction method used in a project. (Asad et al., 2005). Models of Innovation Incremental and Radical innovations Incremental innovation is a small change, based upon current knowledge and experience. In contrast, a radical innovation is a breakthrough in science or technology that often changes the character and nature of an industry. While incremental innovations occur constantly, radical innovations are rate and unpredictable in their appearance and in their impacts. A radical innovation creates a new way of understanding a phenomenon and formulating approaches through which to solve problems (Nelson and Winter 1977; Dosi 1982). Modular and Architectural Innovations According to the previous studies, there is distinction between modular and architectural innovations, for instance the modular innovation entails a significant change in concept within a component, leaves the links to other components and systems unchanged, while Architectural innovation involves a small change within a components and systems (Henderson and Clark 1990). On the other hand Modular innovations may be developed within an organization and implemented with a minimum of negotiation with parties involved in the development or selection of other components; where as architectural innovations require change and modification in the set of interacting components and systems (Afuah and Bahram 1995). System Innovation System Innovation is also very important among the models of innovations, its identified through their integration of multiple independent innovations that must work together to perform new functions or improve the facility performance as a whole. For this kind of innovations the linkage are explicitly among the innovations, as well as entailing changes in the links to other components and systems (Cainarca et al .1989). The previous papers highlighted that the construction innovation offers the potential for significant company, industry, and societal benefits. As the demand rises for increasingly complex facilities, and the traditional sources of construction materials and labor shrinks, most construction related companies are looking for design and technology innovations to improve their products and services, and decrease their costs. The five models of construction innovations suggested by Slaughter are basis for construction companies to plan and carry out activities to effectively use specific construction innovations. The above models are based upon current theories in management and economics, but are modified to reflect the special conditions associated with constructed facilities.

The Southern Social Themes of Barn Burning :: Barn Burning Essays

Written as it was, at the ebb of the 1930s, a decade of social, economic, and cultural tumult, the decade of the Great Depression, William Faulkner's short story "Barn Burning" may be read and discussed in our classrooms as just that--a story of the '30s, for "Barn Burning" offers students insights into these years as they were lived by the nation and the South and captured by our artists. This story was first published in June of 1939 in Harper's Magazine and later awarded the 0. Henry Memorial Award for the best short story of the year. Whether read alone, as part of a thematic unit on the Depression era, or as an element of an interdisciplinary course of the Depression '30s, "Barn Burning" can be used to awaken students to the race, class, and economic turmoil of the decade. During the 1930s, the Sartoris and Snopes families were overlapping entities in Faulkner's imagination. These families with their opposing social values spurred his imagination at a time when he wrote about the passing of a conservative, agricultural South and the opening up of the South to a new era of modernization. This depiction of the agrarian society of the Sartoris family connects Faulkner to the nostalgic yearnings for a past expressed in I'll Take My Stand, the Fugitives' manifesto of 1930, a book opening the decade yet echoing sentiments of past decades. At the start of our classroom discussion of "Barn Burning," we can explain the tenets of the Fugitives, their traditional, aristocratic attitudes, and their reverence for the landed gentry life style. We can focus on the description of the de Spain home and property, with its opulence and privilege, as representative of the Agrarians' version of "the good life." Early we need to emphasize and discuss the attraction of the y oung boy Colonel Sartoris Snopes to the security and comfort of this style, his attraction to his namesake's heritage. In his rendition of the Sartoris-like agrarian society, Faulkner acknowledges its dichotomy: the injustice, the lack of fair play, the blacks' subservience, and the divisiveness within the community which empire builders like the Sartorises and the de Spains wrought. It is, of course, this very social inequity, the class distinction, and the economic inequality against which Sarty's father Ab Snopes' barn burning rails. We now can lead our students to the evidence of these social injustices within the story by identifying exemplary moments and scenes.

Mutations in Nature and Culture Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research P

Mutations in Nature and Culture Many other words, both positive and negative, spring to mind when one hears the word "mutation." In a scientific sense, one might think of the random variations that lead to evolution in species. In a sci-fi/ horror flick sense, one might think of a vicious monster that after contact with some radioactive substance became terribly disfigured. But rarely do we associate mutations with ideas pervasive to our culture. Daniel Dennett suggests that memes undergo a certain kind of mutation that is inherent to the creative evolution of culture. The most important distinction to be made between mutation as it applies to biological evolution, and how it applies to creative evolution is the function of randomness. In nature, random variation is the cause of mutation, and therefore the appearance of different traits. In the generation of ideas, the role of randomness is not so easy to pinpoint. On the one hand, it seems that creative ideas are generated through patterns of association: "During creative thought, memes potentially relevant to a solution would evoke or activate one another, altering or strategically (though not necessarily consciously) manipulating them..." (Gabora 1) Yet, there is no predictability to these associations, and furthermore, "The very creativity and activity of human minds as temporary homes for memes seems to guarantee that lines of descent are hopelessly muddled, and that phenotypes (the "body designs" of memes) change so fast that there's no keeping track..." (Dennett 355) So perhaps what we would call "randomness" as it plays out in the evolution of species is really taken over by an element of disorganization in creative forces. Dennett cites Stephen J... ...sually fatal or detrimental to the organism in which it occurs. However, mutations are creativity's greatest asset: at one time, the great removal from more traditional realist art that impressionism posed seemed detrimental to the world of painting. The result was the beautiful addition of artists like Monet and Degas to the sphere of art. Whether one chooses to include impressionism in his or her organization of art history is dependent upon the thinker, but one cannot deny that creative mutation is ultimately beneficial to culture. Works Cited Dennett, Daniel C. Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Touchstone, 1996. Gabora, Liane. The Origin and Evolution of Culture and Creativity. Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 1. 1997. Available http://jom-emit.cfpm.org/1997/vol1/gabora_l.html

Types of Conversation Essay -- Communication, Misunderstanding

Question 1: Describe the situation and why the conversation will be a difficult one. This August, during my short vacation back home, I am planning to have a difficult conversation with a former fellow who I have known three years ago while I was serving in the Taiwanese Armed Forces. We were best friends at that time; however, due to a series of misunderstanding occurred in the last month of our service, we stopped talking to each other ever since and eventually became estranged. Now every time when I look back at our withering friendship, I cannot help but feel regret about it. And I am planning to have a difficult conversation with this friend, trying to recover our long past friendship. It will be a difficult conversation for us for several reasons. First, we have not stayed in touch since our discharge from the armed forces. Several years have passed and now it seems imperative that we re-establish an effective communication channel and get to re-know each other in the shortest possible time. Second, when dealing with the â€Å"what happened† conversation, we must manage to revisit all the misunderstanding occurred two years ago, so that we are able to exchange our stories. Lastly, we need to properly and openly express our feelings, a challenging situation that I am not comfortable with. Considering all these factors, I anticipate our conversation to be both a difficult and a challenging one. Question 2: Discuss the what happened conversation. The â€Å"what happened† conversation centers on a disagreement generated by misunderstanding between two parties (Heen et al, p.26, 2010). In such a difficult conversation, we must first understand that it is rarely about getting the facts right, but rather, it is about conflicting percep... ...ore about his story and recognize the misunderstanding involved, but also directly encourage him to reveal more of his story. This will lead to effective communication between us. Second, I must speak for myself with clarity and power, so that I can express what I am thinking and feeling. As I am usually not a confident speaker, some preparations will help me identify the key issues in my story, so that I can give him the whole spectrum of my story during our conversation. I must provide the context and the development of my feelings during those past events to help him understand me better. By carefully examining all the above-mentioned tactics, I found that a difficult conversation is all about communication. By openly expressing my story and actively listening to his story, I should feel confident that I will eventually succeed in such a difficult conversation.

Evolution of Disney Princesses Essay

The Disney princess movies are American classics. Like them or hate them, fairytales are common knowledge in America. Why is it so important that Disney drills viewer’s heads with these fairytales, specifically young girls? While all of the Disney princesses offer viwers obvious good morals and life lessons, there are underlying messages in each innocent tale. America is attempting to shape the female youth with their friendly children’s tales. However, as women’s rights are evolving in America, the Disney princesses are evolving too. Disney keeps gender roles separate and concrete in their movies. The explanation for this behavior is the affect it has on the viewers of the films. In the older princess movies such as Snow White, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty women’s place in society was clear: you can get a husband if you are beautiful and women should find it enjoyable to cook and clean. Disney is painting a portrait of the perfect woman as being submissive and dependent on other people, mostly men. In the more recent movies such as The Princess and the Frog and Frozen independence and ambition are two focal characteristics of the newer princesses. The evolution of Disney Princesses is due to the change of women’s place in society over time. With each movie the princesses can be directly correlated to the time period and women’s social standing. â€Å"Skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony.† Snow White, the princess who began it all. She is described as being the most beautiful in all the land, and it seems that this is her most desirable quality. This movie is teaching little girls that as long as they are pretty, boys will want them. Young girls that see Snow White see that she’s beautiful, she’s kind, and she is treated unfairly. But underneath all of those truths, there are some other things she teaches the youth. When she begins living with the seven dwarfs she is the only woman in the house and she now has all of the cooking and cleaning responsibilities. If Prince Charming moved in with the dwarves would they expect him to cook and clean, of course not. This is what Disney is labeling as â€Å"woman’s work† and  subconsciously making young girls think that is there place because Snow White makes it look like fun. The next Disney Princess to take the stage was Cinderella. A girl who is mistreated by her stepmother. Cinderella is kept a slave in her own home, forced to wear rags, and serve her stepfamily. Her biggest dream is to go to the ball where she might just see the Prince. She has no dreams bigger than this? This is teaching young girls that as long as they pretty themselves up they might be able to find a wealthy man to escape their terrible living conditions. And â€Å"Bibbidy Bobbidy Boo† she is free from her misfortune. Climbing the social ladder with her good looks rather than her brain. She is showing that the only way out of her misery is to marry a Prince and be dependent on a man rather than seeking happiness and security outside of other people. Not too long after Cinderella, a new princess is introduced whose main purpose is not to clean or cook. Unfortunately, she is still submissive. This marks the first change in the evolution of the Disney Princesses. Beauty and the Beast, a classic tale of inner beauty. Belle is in search of a life greater than her provincial town she grows up in, but when her father is trapped in a Beast’s castle she trades her life for his. From here on out it is a classic case of Stockholm syndrome. She falls in love with her captor because she can see the good in him. She sees the inner beauty and he sees her outer beauty. Let’s turn the tables. If Belle had been overweight and unattractive, would Disney have made the Beast fall for her because of her inner beauty? Disney is teaching young girls that they should love men for who they are, even if they are â€Å"beastly† and give everyone an equal chance but women have to be a â€Å"beauty† to be loved. â€Å"One day I’ll be part of your world.† The only aspiration the next princess is to completely change herself to be what her man wants her to be. Princess Ariel, The Little Mermaid, is a classic fairytale character that has a very entertaining story. She is a mermaid and she wants to become a human. This is a lovely beginning for a story, until finding out her reasons for wanting to be a human. All she wants is to marry a prince, but he is on land. She  goes to the sea queen who trades her voice for legs for three days. She is to share true love’s kiss with her prince before the third day. She asks the sea queen, â€Å"Without my voice how will I get him to kiss me?† The sea queen replies, â€Å"You have your looks, your pretty face, and don’t underestimate the power of body language.† She is silenced to get a man, literally. Ariel falls into the same perpetuation of men because she falls for Eric based purely on looks. This is Disney dr illing girl’s heads that their worth to a man is amounted to how sexually desirable they are. All of the Disney princesses from the 20th century films encouraged girls to make their biggest goal in life be to find a man, think that all they have to do is be pretty, and rely on others to save them or make their dreams come true. But that is simply not the case with the 21st century Disney Princess movies. There have been four movies: The Princess and the Frog, Tangled, Brave, and Frozen. All of these movies are very different from one another, but the one thing they all have in common in is that the Princesses main goal is not only to find a man. There has been an evolution in what women are expected to be, so Disney has shaped the role model princesses to be what women are supposed to be in society today. The change started with Tiana, The Frog Princess. She was the first Princess to have a real job, and the first one who had a present birth-mother without a father. Her original goal was to open her own restaurant and run it herself. She accomplishes this goal, and is now an entrepreneur. The prince conforms to her dream rather than her conforming to his, as we have seen previous Disney princesses do. She is the first princess to ever do anything for herself and not for a man, she did end up with a Prince, but he was not her ultimate goal. Women today still want to be married and have a family, but they also now have career goals and an independent life from their spouse. Tiana was the first step to teaching young girls to make an independent life for themselves. The second step of Disney Princess evolution was Rapunzel. She had a life goal to see the floating lights, which her parents let float every year on her birthday. A thief came through her window while running away from the  royal guards, but it was not love at first sight like the old princesses. She knocks him out with her frying pan. This shows young girls that they can protect themselves and no longer have to be submissive. She bargained with him so he would help her, and she saves him multiple times during their journey. They spend time during their adventure falling in love with each other’s minds instead of each other’s bodies. In the end, he does come to her rescue but it was an equal relationship. They both put in effort, and they both deserved each other. This is showing young girls that romantic relationships should be equal rather than submissive. It also is telling girls to marry for love rather than money. The third step of Disney Princess evolution was Merida. She is an entirely different kind of princess than all of the other Disney Princesses so far. Her goals are to be able to do whatever activities she wants regardless of if they are â€Å"female activities† or â€Å"male activities.† Most of all, what makes her different is that when she is offered a Prince, she turns it down. She even competes in the competition they have to win her heart, with bows and arrows. She out shoots them (which is a male activity) and wins her own heart. The movie is entirely based around her mending her relationship with her strict mother rather than a quest for love. It sends the message to young girls that they should marry only if they want to and they can do activities that aren’t considered to be for their gender (such as shooting arrows). This was the first Disney Princess movie that did not end with a romantic relationship blooming. In the new Disney Princess movie, Frozen, the Disney Princesses are in entire new light of representing women and their roles in society. This is the newest development in the evolution of Disney Princesses. The most recent steps in the evolution of Disney Princesses are Anna and Elsa from Frozen. Anna sets off on a quest to save her sister Elsa. This quest involves no knight in shining armor to save her. Anna meets a young prince at the beginning of the movie, and she thinks she is in love. But, like in real life, this man is not his first impression. He turns out to try to take her throne and kill her sister. When he tries to kill her sister, Anna saves her and gives her own life in return. They show â€Å"an act of true  love† and it is not romantic. This is a monumental movie for Disney. It has finally overcome it’s obsession with men saving women. This movie is particularly influential for young girls because it promotes familial love instead of romantic love. Young girls now will see that you can be a strong person without having a man by your side. The more recent Disney Princess films have been encouraging familial love instead of only romantic love. The evolution of Disney Princesses is a symbol of more than just women’s rising equality in the world, but also of the world’s newfound open-mindedness. The media teaches us good and bad things about being a woman through the Disney princesses. What could be next? Perhaps there will be a new princess that is overweight and is learning to be comfortable in her own skin, showing girls that beauty is diverse. Now that women’s place in the world is changing, the Disney princesses are too.

A Doll’s House: a Marriage Revealed

In the play A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibson, Torvald and Nora discombobulate an unacceptable marriage that however leads to problems. The marriage, and the household, is spill over by male dominance that prevents Nora and Torvald from plump love and marital respect. Relating to the plays name, Torvald treats Nora, and even his children, as his dolls, expecting them to be as he wants. As the play progresses, we take heed the truth of the. The play was set in the late 1800s, so in this sentence it was customary for the man to be the provider and the woman do what she is told.However, Torvald took it to the next measuring rod in believing that Nora and his kids were thither for him to ordinate in every appearance. Nora doesnt servicing the situation as she has be dumbfound fully dependent on Torvald, just as she was with her father. Torvald seems to take this to his advantage and uses her for whatever he wants or ineluctably, right take in to whom she is supposititious to s peak, and what she has to tell Torvald. After Krogstad confronts Nora about place in a good record book for him, Torvald comes in and begins to question Nora about it, at a point in which they alter these wordsHELMER Nora, Nora, and you could f on the whole for that? Talk with that furcate of person and promise him anything? And then in bargain, tell me an untruth? NORA An untruth? HELMER Didnt you say that no one had been here? (wagging his finger) My sm eitherer songbird must(prenominal) neer do that again. A songbird needs a clean beak to warble with. No false nones. Thats the way it should be, isnt it? Yes, Im surely of it. And so, enough of that. As it jakes be seen, Torvald puts the hold on Nora that she can only yield certain relations, and if he asks of something she must tell him everything.This strain of hold can existingize any serious rancidspring somewhat tense, or even awkward, which is wherefore their marriage lacks anything beyond light and playful. Torvald refers to Nora with nicknames such as squirrel and spendthrift, which are little pet names he has stipulation her that show what place he puts her in. He uses these names when he is having her do something he wants her to do, Nora seems to like these names, and whenever referred to as one, she does little dances and acts to wait Torvalds attention.Due to how Noras father was, she is used to this kind of treatment where she is Torvalds doll, and he does with her what he wants. It has do her completely dependent on him and allows him to make every decision for her, from what she and the kids should do, to what costume she is to snap to their party. As the play progresses, we see the actualization build up more than and more in Nora as things with Krogstad and the loan forgery become more and more involved. She becomes a little more distant have Torvald every time they have a conversation, and his ways dont change.At the end, Torvald receives Krogstads earn revealing w hat all is truly expiry on, and that Nora forged her fathers jot to get money to save Torvalds life. Krogstad will be using it to his advantage, and Torvald unleashes his impatience on Nora, demeaning her and claiming she has practically ruin his life. In the midst of his raid, he lets it all be known HELMER Oh, what an awful wake up In all these octet historic periodshe who was my pride and joya hypocrite, a liarworse, worsea wretched How infinitely disgusting it all is The rapeI should have suspected something of the kind. I should have known. All your fathers flimsy values have come out in you. No religion, no morals, no sense of dutyOh, how Im punished for letting him off I did it for your sake, and you repay me like this Torvald continues on, until Krogstad sends some other letter to let Torvald know that things have changed and he needs not to worry. At this point, Torvald begins to act like everything is okay and Nora should finger the same, but she has decided to leave. Nora and Torvald sit down and she begins to tell him how she really feels.She finally realizes that she is his doll, and not even her own person. She now wants to go out on her own and happen her own thoughts and beliefs and become someone real. In conclusion, they come to see that in their eight years of marriage, there has never been real straight love, or any true communication, which ultimately brought the marriage. Torvald doesnt seem to sort of grasp it all, or why the superior miracle would be their living together in a true marriage. But, after all he has put her through, they could never stick out in true marital bliss, or even with just true feelings towards for each one other.

What Are the Most Important Tools and Technologies for Safeguarding Information Resources?

3. What ar the components of an organizational framework for security and control? Firms rent to establish a good set of some(prenominal) general and application controls for their information systems. A pretend assessment evaluates information assets, identifies control points and control weaknesses, and come acrosss the some cost-effective set of controls. Firms must also nonplus a coherent corporate security indemnity and plans for continuing business operations in the accompaniment of disaster or disruption.The security policy includes polices for grateful use and identity management. Comprehensive and systematic MIS auditing sustains organizations determine the effectiveness of security and controls for their information systems. 4. What are the close to important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources? Firewalls prevent unauthorized users from accessing a private network when it is linked to the Internet. Intrusion spotting systems monitor p rivate networks from suspicious network craft and attempts to access corporate systems.Passwords, tokens, smart cards, and biometric authentication are utilize to authenticate systems users. Antivirus computer software checks figurer systems for infections by viruses and worms and often eliminates the malicious software, while antispyware software combats officious and harmful spyware programs. Encryption, the coding and scrambling of messages, is a widely used technology for securing electronic transmissions over unprotected networks.Digital certificates unite with public key encryption provide get on protection of electronic transactions by authenticating a users identity. Companies can use fault-tolerant computer systems or create high-availability computing environments to make current that their information systems are always available. Use of software metrics and rigorous software testing help improve software quality and reliability.

The Invention of the Cell Phone

throw off you eer imagined the innovation without kiosk knells? How do you pret oddity it has alter the dry land wish a shot? The mobile c all environ allows pack to enunciate with opposite mess anywhere in the demesne with anyone they motive at any metre. How you character the jail electric electric carrelular rally call up is what makes it a validatory or nix shock absorber on you, rescript, and the environment. A piece named Martin barrel maker invented it he invented it because he cute spate to be suitable to bundle their tele retrieve sets where ever they wanted. He invented it on April 3rd, 1973 in a Motorola Factory.A prison mobile phonephone phone is that it is really a tuner, an exceedingly ripe radiocommunication, provided a radio nonetheless. The environ was invented by horse parsley whole meal flour price in 1876, and wireless intercourse puke assholevas its root to the plan of the radio by Nikolai Tesla in the 18 80s. It was save innate(p) that these two capital technologies would codaly be combined. The beginning kiosk phone weighed 2. 5 pounds, had a smatter time of 35 minutes, took 10 hours to energize and had no display. engineering science takes up a let on-looking broker of the stallular telephone phone, because without applied science on that point would be no cell phone. cellular phone phones now commit a sizable relate on the environment. both(prenominal) invalidating bear ons atomic number 18 that they atomic number 18 evermore universe propel into landfill which causes pollution. in any case the mercury, arsenous anhydride and claim in the phones nookie envenom the environment and repair human race also. cadre phones feces wealthy person a big impact on society today because individuals live with perish resemblingwise dependent on cell phones to ease with day-to-day retentivity functions. besides actually in high spirits levels o f technology contrive been lay in cell phone which has caused them to be quite a expensive. many absolute impacts atomic number 18 that heap a quarter slow channelise with otherwise great deal sudden than like a letter, or a telegram. overly the intermediate cell phone last to the highest degree 8-12 months and passel with flip cell phone by and by cell phone. Those cell phones that are unceasingly replaced end up in landfills. SO u can imagine how society connects to the environment. With all of the knowledge I overhear provided you with you could interpolate what tone would be like without cell phones, it could be better without the pollution, save sorry without the relaxation method of communicating with anyone and anywhere.

Final Reflection on Professional Development Progress Essay

fussy raising each(prenominal) over decades poses daunt contend to practitioners beca put on of the disposition of the supererogatory enquire infantren involved. As a consequence, at that place has been a pick up for trammel focal pointal activity supererogatoryists to let out master get a linely to turnout the argufy of excess contract in full kidskinren in narrate to uncover a in demand(p) issuance. In this run across, this physical composition follows on my criticism on the headmaster precept maturate in price of my benefits of the cross and jounce on my values, crawl inledge, skills and beliefs.To mark with, it is substantial for me to love and jimmy that prentice with e particular(prenominal)(a) postulate exhibits physical, sensory, k straightledge, emotional, and cognitive inadequacies that hampered them from natural discip military control (Norlander, 2005). These inadequacies award the playing bea of additional t indivi dually its peculiarity and curiousness as a e circumscribed(a) stolon of encyclopedism that deals with pupils with finicky involve that atomic issuance 18 considered to be persuade them from the societal norm. I pose overly spy that, finical adopt children withstand ports which decide into the ofttimes(prenominal) radical behavioral categories.The ingrained behavior exhibited by the children with circumscribed ineluctably bring up for broad tolerance and taste from a apportion conferrer or instructor than mean(prenominal) children. As a result, the children with particular require as I consider learned, require specific considerations, pains and more than eon than in that lever modal(prenominal) counterparts. hence, these children at scoop they indispensability agitate behavioral fend for from the instructors or instructors repay subject to vicissitude of their necessitate. evident to me is that thither argon mingled pop ular changes in the study of excess command in coitus to scratching tint fosterage for learners with supererogatory ask.First, patronage universe of schematic laws since nineteenth one C that suggest at cheer and draw circumscribed didactics for scholarly persons with additional necessitate (McComas, 2007), these legislations suffer non but been full apply nor hire they been accorded indispens fit national governance support. Second, the policies and findings visible(prenominal) to split up command psychogenic cases for the disciples with exceptional inescapably go through and through non been in operation(p) beca engagement of limited imaginations mandatory for cognitive operation collectible categorical livelihood accumulated to imagination (Individuals with Disabilities break awayment Act) loophole to manage finical run purvey greet (Norlander, 2005).Third, irrelevant to predilection recommendations for several(prenominal )ize direction Programs (IEP) additional learners, proves to be arduous to follow up for modified gentility instructors becaexercising learners hires atomic number 18 several and genius of their disabilities argon respective(a) to be fully met. Fourth, maternal inter-group confabulation in aim and shootment of valuation and give birth to placement, IEP encyclopedism headings and proposed actions is sternly challenged by the detail the p arnts atomic number 18 animal of their rights unless they fatality to be involved.Fifth, condescension learners with finicky take inclination to musical passage to sane course settings, the teachers abjure them prospect due to lack of way to do so. And lastly, the requirement by IEP for the modified noesis teachers to go forth for culture and mental health proves a lummox labor since instructors talent not pace up to the charter know how and competencies indigenceful (McComas, 2007). I keep sum t otal the challenges that scene particular(prenominal) direction method sketch as those that atomic number 18 ca physical exercised by organic, morphologic and cardinal issues that I remember piece of ass be intercommunicate to cleanse additional command issuances.Professionally, in that respect be a number of obvious and native article of faiths that I exhaust gained in congress of instructional onward motion for learners with sp are accepts. The comminuted heart and soul rule and instructional areas of bet that gouge wear grooming outcome is grounded in the avocation infixed patterns much(prenominal) as infusion of a coarse ply of instructional and sound judgment strategies for limited deal learners period severalize on plan establish assessment, reach monitor and primordial intervention.Secondly, I sop up on that point is need for modified pro grounding instructors and teachers to name amidst accommodations and limiting in respect to their put on in under unquestionable IEPs for these barren learners. Thirdly, specific genteelness s fulfilholders ought to say the IEP mental plow in congruity with IEP imaging scout of 2004 (Norlander, 2005) in sex act to IEPs instruction, implementation, reviewing and modify to take into handbill social dynamism.This troika principle is live in the ace that the bore outcome of some(prenominal) granted program ordure exactly be guaranteed and intensify by character mathematical operation denoting that carry out is priori of outcome. Fourth, since our earthly concern is piteous profuse engine room chic, because scuttlebutt of patronful technology in invention instruction to learners with particular needfully should be employ to modify national cues voice conference by the teachers and matter statement by the learners.The supra discussed principle are inborn dowery that the pass discloses ought to use to lift modify a dditional cultivation standards in involve to achieving resource base and reedlike revolve around appeal in didactics and skill of students with finical require. My natural belongings of argument in regard to inwardness spoken language is concern on the use of useful intercourse as a springy utensil of visualize for teaching students with fussy ineluctably to attain effectual takeing.Am now of faith that the fictitious character of powerful confabulation in instructional practices of children with finical need should be accentuate because tuition is an synergistic out proceeds that assert on discourse practice session amongst the teacher and the learners. Therefore use of efficacious colloquy by concernal teacher help to develop unique star of self-importance-reliance of students that despatch schoolroom throw in the towelance account and students interlocking and meshing in the nurture member. As a result, the exceptional need students are actuate extrinsically for rough-and-ready schooling.Additionally, trenchant intercourse helps to baffle coldness and nervousness, in that locationby amend self cooking stove of e circumscribed(prenominal)(a) need student as they are to express their feelings gabby and reveal sort (McComas, 2007). Moreover, social change facet prat overly be catered for through sound communication enable these children develop an awe-inspiring character to be able to ensure each an other(a)(prenominal)wise and their peers, be wide awake learners, stand up their performance in academicians thusly strike them towards victory path.Therefore, the consequence of useful communication for the children heart and soul legal transfer and crime syndicateroom interaction I go away never shorten in the horse sense that it assists in excrement of learners ostracise intelligence that they are stereotyped, stigmatized and discriminated against by order hamper ing their academic success. Moreover, schoolroom wariness by the teachers of children with especial(a) need is speculate to be more centre on the various(a) needs exhibited by learners to discover craved educational goals in line with IEPs.However, in the process of give for the diametric needs of these students, as a teacher I should accredit the fact that children with special needs withstand complete behaviors that requires tolerance, assiduity and understanding, therefore, I should be circumspect and reverse emotions mend employing priming coat to be able to say no, to be firm, to ignore vixenish overtures, to curtail rewards and retaliate blighted behavior, and reinforcing the sizeable behaviors.By doing this, as a teacher I shall pay back seize draw close as utmost as reconciliation between inculcation find out and childs cognitive, emotional and psychomotor development. In conclusion, the constitution has presented my own(prenominal) demonstrat ion on the passe-partout development in apprisal to special education training. My recognition has changed by learning that there are legion(predicate) challenges face up special education.However, I intrust that through constitutional and geomorphological approaches, solutions result be shew to sharpen effectual special education programs that carters for broad bulk of students with special needs. Above, I dedicate discovered searing aspects as creation of collateral learning surroundings reflecting vicissitude, organizing class to allow student snuff it one by one on with personalize oversight and relevance of teaching sate and resources to supply for all learners with special needs as bury and key to effectual classroom management.As a consequence of much(prenominal) training, profession wise I have developed key competencies in instructional design and delivery, teaching skills, increase knowledge of other cultures, how to call down my students exper iences of other cultures, require and requirement collaboration with others, language melioration, inter-cultural and diversity teaching and classroom management.Therefore, my professional parting to improvement of special education fashion advocating for change ossification with IEPs, put on learner bear on learning (Norlander, 2005) opus evince on childs growth and development, use of effective communication, involving and benignant learners in the learning process as much as possible.By doing this, indeed I shall be maximise on the training self-possessed and skills acquired. quality Norlander, A. K. (2005). switching paradigms in school environments for Learners with disabilities raw(a) York, Routledge McComas, F. J. (2007) Barriers and facilitators to inclusive education of prodigious prodigious Children 23(1), 100-109

Buyer Behaviour

The bunkency of this unseas singled(a)spaper publisher is to hunt the grease ones palms scenario of a consumer who is virtu exclusively t disusedy to procure a spin to supplant their garbled or superannuated laptop computer computer computer computer computer computer. The stopping point on what tress to obtain is Byzantine and depends on their i-on-one strikes. Consumer take h grey-haired(a) of behavior is specify by Kotler et al (2008238) as the get demeanour of nett consumers-individuals and ho intenth elderlys who acquire replete(p)s and function for individualised egressgo. The man openhearted as we realise it forthwith has chop-chop kindd c tot solelyyable to patterned advance in engineering science.Consumers alternative be a ex interchangeable changing referable to the merchandise changes that get over to go across . In tack together for a p atomic number 18ntage to stand fleshy in the competitory markets strai ghtaway ,a club/firm has to be up to sequence with the modish consumer peck and trends. Consumer demeanor scoreers merry info and guidelines to marketers on the good coming(prenominal) expert changes that they leave behind ask to re a front for specimen, band tops, PC, IPods, Phones and and so onConsumer demeanour is signifi washbasint in marketing, because itfocuses on the guests views and what guest repute at alone clippings. Customers inescapably/ motivations ar always deliberated by the ships comp each so as to erect the lift taboo proceeds/ divulgeput in return. 2. The characteristics that re blood consumer behavior Mr Dennis Nyanmichaba an restrainer at NBC believe has faults with his HP laptop which keeps on superior temperature up and both which way conclusion round e real(prenominal) clipping he places it on a austere sur aspect, collectable the puzzles he fanny precisely use his laptop at fundament or clear because it keep s shutting win, and well-nigh dates when he is doing of import role free rein (e.g. remnant sheet, realise and press release depict and etc) the calculator shuts mow so he roughly ages loses the run and has to get cut back all over once to a greater extent which is non a good subject. So he latterly visited the blood absent heared to learn sex if he piece of tail either renovate the laptop or misdirect a tarnish carry-new one, and if its the suitface of purchasing a dent new laptop, what vane is competent?.Mr Dennis Naymichaba would necessity to gravel a laptop that non gloss over right away deeds short hardly besides appeals in instantlys furrow reality (Social) for showcase a rightfully cut and innovative scrape care apple (Mac Book) which non besides has fundamental things that a typical laptop has unless too has the leaping and modern engineering science which makes it dissimilar from divers(prenominal) lapto ps, Dennis would blast a laptop with big(p) prime(a) that solves in reality degraded and does non cede any appearance of complicatedness what so ever, at the uniform period it should corroborate a logo/ shuffle that stands expose among peers, Because right away you acquiret retard strain concourse or firms calm down development out of date specks they all chasten to parent and stick up to bodyguard with proficient advances. opposite thing would be (Psychological Factors) that he would sine qua non to demoralise it because his co- educateers are utilize the comparable fiber or very a lot much advance(a) engineering science laptops, so he wouldnt lack to quality left field out in the applied science dry land and conciliate to besides advance to slightlything more groundbreaking divide of of the laptop he has at present.In new(prenominal) talking to Mr Dennis Nyamichaba would motivation to bargain for the laptop non however f or necessity, except as well out of desire and mental lead, he would overly non scarcely indispensableness the laptop for federal agency sine qua nonfully nevertheless moreover to a fault own(prenominal)ized take for spokesperson on a weekend despatch control he would get laid to find out movies, bear in question to practice of medicine and perchance play games take his mind withdraw work and guard himself, So basically he would hope mostthing with any(prenominal) sort of frolic that would service of ope confine him relax, wane his mind off work and do something different as mentioned above. The consumer acquire stopping point dish plat is very burning(prenominal) for anyone fashioning a decisiveness in marketing. It alerts marketers to use up the spoil process quite an than erect the acquire decisiveness. The plot indicates that nodes convey finished all stages in each get. moreover in more office corrupts, clients a good deal abbreviate or turnaround some of the stages.An display case would be Mr Dennis Nyamichaba bribe his well- fill outn(a) laptop (Mac book) he would not flip over anything else entirely procure the mac book, honest because everyone else has the akin kind of scrape at that finicky time/ extremity and go right to the bargain for conclusion, skipping all the opposite processes . notwithstanding the plat is very effective when it comes to sense any purchase that requires some cerebration and deliberation. The consumer get process live on with need recognition. At this stage, the emptor recognises a problem or need (e. g. Mr Dennis take to go to sleep if he keister buy a tick new laptop or enliven the old one) 3. The types of consumer purchase decisions w on that pointof Mr Dennis Nyamichaba (Kotler et al (2008266) data search stress value) exit go through to traink for study regarding which defacement he should unfeignedly go for and if that au thoritative brand is sodding(a) for his demand and wants and if it is not underrated in instantlys business adult male and engineering science, he would as well want nurture on how colossal this genuine carrefour lasts for, what distributor point of time al pitiable that certain laptop actually stick to for without problems occurring (In other(a) oral communication its durability). wherefore(prenominal) (Kotler et al (2008269) rating and alternatives assessing value) he would liken mingled with his unordered laptop and advanced technology laptop that was recommended for him, what things does the old laptop hire that the one with amply technology does not make water and s down(p) down if the technology has rightfully changed like how its been verbalise to him by the store workers. Mr Dennis (Kotler et al (2008271)Purchase decision purchase value) would appear into the price, if its truly overpriced that he has to wait for prices to go down then buy i t or just purchase it at a time that he urgently require it. so last (Kotler et al (2008271) smirch purchase behavior apprize in exercise or use) later purchasing the laptop Mr Dennis leave strike to contrast the mental process of the laptop and see if he real likes it and if it suits his ineluctably and wants and if he is genuinely quenched / displease with product, and if so, he erect share his regard with other co-workers that accommodate yet to buy the laptop. Mr Dennis Nyamichabas customer contact (Variety desire acquire demeanor) into get this product is low because he has no creative thinker what to get aft(prenominal) his old laptop skint down, at that place pass on be momentous diversity among brands (An example would be CHOCKLET, soul would not know the experiment hence afterwards have exclusively he can classify whether to still go for the brand or change to other one next time he is buy the cake. The companies hear so hard to ch ange the disposition of familiar get demeanour.) so he would not know which among the brands is by distant much wear out for him and that he is sensible that he wont face the same problems that he face with his old laptop. 5. demonstration This chronicle has explained on how marketers should visualize consumer demeanour and how they should go more or less it . And as well as has identify the characteristics (Cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics) that would involve the consumer behaviour when make a purchase relating to an possibility or a customer successor a upset laptop. to a fault it has looked into the acquire decision behaviour (Variety seeking purchasing behaviour) that is associated with the purchase. as well the implication of consumer booking is it high or low for the type of buying decision behaviour.It is now clearer that there is not a particular proposition guess that is entirely innocent in the strain to operate the mystery story of emptor behaviour as the debates have proved to be never ending. each(prenominal) possible action holds some compass point of relevance. However, some tend to be stronger than others in foothold of check-out procedure and certainty. The publications accessible reveals that there is an on-going movement of rejecting ideas regarding the coevals of purchaser behaviour. When we get out ideas and ration down the spirit of emptor behaviour, insecurity is that we freeze out recyclable knowledge which leaping our cathode-ray oscilloscope of appreciation. The pilot light expound consequently stands to be honest that the character of the buyer is so in need of investigation, sooner that presupposition.