Consciousness and Neuroscience

The implications of the â€Å"Consciousness and Neuroscience † is that the neural correlates of consciousness is not enough to prove that a conscious can be cry dated. 3. Francis Crick and Christofis Koch publish on the Oxford Journal at first was m aging banter about covering scientific ground about leaving the work to philosopher RSI and that science is too young. One of the concepts was replacing the visual consciousness and working on macaque monkeys.Crick and Koch agree with Ranchmen's and Horsiest SST eating in order to eliminate hesitation, is sensible to have only one conscious interpretation of a usual scene. Through this philosophy, one of their mainsails was that Artificial Conscious requires a stream of pure decision with the delayed hesitation following in a timely man nerd and that machines at this point in time do not fulfill this requirement. 4. Consciousness and Neuroscience apply to my paper in giving counterpoint s to the possibility of whether an Artificial Consciousness could exist.It gives a lots of evidence using neural science and the anatomy of the brain and how there are plenty of sass motions that questions the Neural Correlates of Consciousness. It also questions whether t he strict structure of illicit chips could create a legal conscious or not, depending on the definition n of what a Quant, 5 conscious actually is, in their case they base their argument mainly on the Visit al Consciousness, which is indeed is one of the easier forms of consciousness to study because t he visual input are vivid, rich and highly structured but very easy to control.And whether or not an Artificial Consciousness could be created is dependent on these basic experiments. 5. Crick, Francis and Koch had related their argument of analogies between live Engines and consciousness as only an analogy to Chalmers argument, an analogy is o lay an analogy. They are trying to prove Chalmers quail wrong because the†Hard problem† is only subjectiv e experiences that rise from the brain processes however has many questions t hat defeat the â€Å"Hard Problem. † 1. Mismatch, Steven. â€Å"Should There Be a Limit Placed on the Integration of Hum NAS and Computers and Electronic Technology? THE ETHICS OF THE COWBOY . Florida International University, n. D. Web. 03 Feb.. 2015. Http://www. Fib. Deed/-mismatch/cybernetics. HTML 2. Authors main claim is that even with bioethics, once a technology is out in p public, it cannot ever go away. This is just like squeezing a toothpaste out of the bottle, but who en you have to put it all back in you realized what you have done. The subclass were positive AR augments and negative consequences towards ciborium speaking of the ethics of implanted d chips and sensors into the human body.The evidence were heavily based on history such as the Wassermann barrier or the Cremation and Neanderthal past. 3. EGG, skill chip implants, cold fusion and hyper intelligence have all been intra educe d to the reader and might have to be bombarded with technical terms first before the y could understand the main point of the bioethics and morals. Quant, 6 4. Sans et. Al helped me understand the morals and ethics from a different CB org point of view where they have both positive and negative outcomes when they introduce the is new technology.Listing all of the consequences is not possible, however listing the major ones are. The morals and ethics could go to my own research near the end where after I explained that creating an artificial intelligence is possible, would also explain to the readers that there are also ethical and moral boundaries to it too. 5. Bioethics relates greatly to Chalmers ‘ ‘The Puzzle of Conscious Experience† where there is a nagging quail in a synthetic brain and the possibility of inserting silicon chips into human brains. 1. Pinker, Steven. The Brain: The Mystery Of Consciousness. † Time . Time Inc. , 29 Jan. 2007. Web. Jean. 20 15. Http://content. Time. Com/time/magazine/article/O,9171,1 580394, 00. HTML 2. The authors McClain is that the Conscious is a fragile temporary gift and that even though there are â€Å"easy' and â€Å"hard† problems only that person has control to believe whether people have a conscious. Pinkie's subclass, understanding the consciousness allows others to see morality and interest in others and using experiences to shape our perspective s and our consciousness, support his main claim.He quotes Descartes, Freud, McGinnis, and Detente to help support his argument towards morals and practices. He also explains the bin ocular rivalry experiment which further supported his argument on consciousness. One WA arrant is if there was a afterlife and that the soul and conscious lives after the body dies, then there would be great sadness in humans and that we are just free agents taking responsibility. Quant, 7 3. Pinker also mentions the Astonishing Hypothesis, the idea that our tho ught s, aches, sensations and joys all consist of physiological activity inside the tissues of the brain.And it could be further controlled by Illusions from electrical stimulations. The question is who ether conscious is really controlled in the human mind and whether that could be transferred to the machine world. Would an artificial conscious mind really be fighting for control as the binocular AR rivalry theory states? Would the artificial brain be in its own illusion of control as human bra ins do or would it also have competing events for attention of the conscious? Pinkie's ethics and ideas brings a new vision on his morality stating that the biology is much better than an unknown n immortal soul.Although understanding physiology of conscious treats human pains and scuff erring, we would also understand the interests of others and share morals. 4. Pinkies article answers many Of my questions and doubts within the aspect of control of human consciousness. He guided me through the thought process that human ins have the â€Å"Illusion of Control† in which they really do not and that relates to my point whether Ar difficult Intelligence has their own algorithm of thought processes and thought control l. Will the artificial brain put conscious effort that it is thinking more than just one thought at a it me?And also ender if a artificial conscious would believe its own lies. As scary as it would get, that would be interesting to see what would happen if an artificial conscious learned cacti ions that go against human morals and whether it could fix itself or keep with its first teachings. 5. Steven Pinker, a professor at Harvard, further argues Chalmers argument of the Easy vs. Hard problem and how the first person subjective is harder to physiologically nude restated than the easy problem presented by Freud: distinguish unconscious versus conscious comb tuition.Quant, 8 1 . Sans, Richard, Gigantic Lopez, and Julia B. Alonso. A Rationale and Vision f or Machine Consciousness in Complex Controllers (n. D. ): n. Page. University Polytechnic De Madrid JIM, 2007. Web. 3 Feb.. 2015. Http://attire. Slab. Ump. Sees/documents/controlled/ASLABB2007019. PDF >. The authors main claim is that building an artificial consciousness is not poss. able with their subclass being from a business perspective, making that largesse pro eject is teammate infeasible and expensive and from a technical perspective, autonomy mousey impossible.The evidence goes deep into business mademoiselles and Vim's autonomic computing initiative in 2003. However, their warrant would be the artificial co clots project would not be possible if and only if we continue business practices in t he future. 3. The key subclass was building a modeled glassware control system, mod ling an approach to System Development, and Self functionality and implementation n. All of these were the big ideas and reasons that backed the main claim.

App †Game changer Essay

The creation of iPhone has been regarded as one of the most influential invention in technology industry. The success of iPhone attributed to the concept of apps, which has made the use of phones more accessible. An inclusion of app store containing variety of games and application tools has become a must on smartphones. The rationale of its widely adoption in smartphones will be conferred in the following, and will be discussed how the use of apps innovate the old way accessing different software. This essay will follow by enumerating the leverage in daily life, and the reasons lead to the accomplishment today. Apps is a game changer since it has changed the traditional access way to application software and developed a new format of video game. The invention of apps allows application such as social networking sites and video-sharing sites become available on phones and can be viewed in a more comfortable way. It is a great breakthrough because websites originally can only be accessed via computer may now visit on smartphone by simply clicking on the app button. This enables application software transforms to a multi-platform and expands the number of audiences. On the other hand, the idea of apps has opened an entirely new market in games, which is app game. The principle of app games is similar with video games, but the less complicated operations appeal a multitude of less technology proficient users to endorse app games. The success of apps based on the widespread use of smartphones and the rising demand for more options and functions in phone. The fact iPhone went popular alerted the competitors in telecommunication field. Traditional phones have been obsolete gradually and replaced with new models of smartphones that provides an alternative way to connect to the Internet. Furthermore, the market expectations to phone become higher, for instance, hankering an instant response in communicating. To meet the market demand, telecommunication firms are forced to follow to develop different apps in order to attract customers. Examples like WhatsApp is designed to allow communication be done in a faster and economic way. The increase in popularity of social networking sites cannot be neglected also, which  creates a huge opportunities for apps to expand its market. The creation of apps causes long-lasting impacts in social and economy. Socially, communications are enhanced which instant response and updates can be made through apps in any place and time. Not only connecting with family and friends, service apps are also available in app store that products and services can be ordered immediately using apps. Apart from this, playing app game has become a trend due to its simple control and convenience. Candy Crush is one of the instances, which had once a vogue to download and play. It is foreseeable that another Candy Crush will appear in the near future. Economically, apps creates many economic opportunities. Apps on app store are often charged with a price. By uploading their apps to app store, programmers who are excellent in writing apps can be rewarded, which motivate people to innovate new apps continuously. Therefore, it is believed that an abundant of apps will be launched constantly. To sum up, this essay has explained how apps has made a crucial advancement in daily life in which to fulfill customer’s expectation and requirement. Apps has made smartphones practical and easily accessible, and developed a novel form of game playing, which builds an irreplaceable position in telecommunication business. Information technology companies like Apple and Samsung keep updating the variety and number of apps in app store so as to compete one another in the competitive digital world. It is predictable that various types of apps will subsequently put on market with the purpose of making the costumers in favor on their high-tech products. Bibliography Anna Scantlin (October 19, 2013), Smartphones may make life easier, but how are they affecting us socially? PhoneDog Retrieved from: http://www.phonedog.com/2013/10/19/smartphones-may-make-life-easier-but-how-are-they-affecting-us-socially/ John F. Clark (April 4, 2012), History of Mobile Applications. University of Kentucky Retrieved from: http://www.uky.edu/~jclark/mas490apps/History%20of%20Mobile%20Apps.pdf Scott Stein (June 28, 2012), Five years in, the iPhone’s greatest legacy: Its

Boiled Frog Phenomenon in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boiled Frog Phenomenon in Business - Essay Example The veracity of this phenomenon is however, a suspect. Scripture (1897) informs that " a live frog can actually be boiled without a movement if the water is heated slowly enough; in one experiment the temperature was raised at a rate of 0.002C. per second, and the frog was found dead at the end of 2 hours without having moved." Many other scientists though debunk this concept (Gibbons, 2002). The "Boiled Frog" syndrome is often used in business, politics, environment, and other day-to-day activities. In strategic management, this refers to the inability of the companies to detect slow and gradual changes, which could be detrimental to its businesses. While most companies are adept at identifying sudden changes, gradual changes are difficult to detect. Polynice (2009) infers that "the frog metaphor for organizations is that we as a whole should try and identify the threats of our survival at an early stage when we still have time to plan rather than react to that particular threat; which will be too late. Furthermore, we must also learn how to reduce our threshold of change in order to be able to identify smaller changes that are occurring in our environment." This phenomenon can occur in all fields of business, viz., operations, external environment, business acquisition, logistics, etc.. InInstances analogous to "Boiled Frog" often occur in the business environment. In fact, the term was first used by Roger Ford (2002), columnist for Modern Railways magazine while describing privatization of British Rail. A business example of such a situation is the British Railways after privatization. The company Railtrack plc (Railtrack, 2009) took over the railway infrastructure from the government after privatization in April 1994. This new company owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and almost all the stations of in UK. It is believed that the company abused its near monopolistic position, and did not commit itself to necessary improvements in infrastructure and safety. Regulators were appointed, but Railtrack resisted regulatory pressures to improve its performance. The performance of the company deteriorated gradually, but there was no recognition of it within the company. Finally, a few crashes, particularly the Hatfield (Hatfield rail crash, 200 9) crash on October 17, 2000 exposed the deep-seated safety and maintenance problems of Railtrack. Though only four fatalities occurred in the crash, it exposed the lack of proper management practices and set into motion a chain of events, which finally led to the sell-off of Railtrack to government owned Network Rail in October 2002. While the root-cause-analysis revealed the root cause of the Hatfield accident to be "Rolling Contact Fatigue", there were several other contributory factors. This included divesting of much of the engineering knowledge of erstwhile British Rail into maintenance contractors. The record keeping of Railtrack was also not adequate. On investigation, several similar potential track problems were discovered. At the

Genetically Modified Organisms, U.S. and E.U. Trade Dispute Research Paper

Genetically Modified Organisms, U.S. and E.U. Trade Dispute - Research Paper Example , the EU argued that it has acted in good faith, stating that it has acted through the precautionary principle, in order to protect the interests of those who produced the non-GMO products for its markets. Despite this argument, the WTO ruled against the EU stating that it would have been necessary for the latter to provide credible scientific evidence concerning the potential harm of GMO before taking action against the authorization of American GMO into its markets (Viju, Yeung and Kerr 1207). As a response, the European Union has made amendments to its regulatory framework to ensure that its member states are given the power to ban any GMO products within their territories. However, there has been general agreement within the member states that the bans might not be effective in the current situation, with some arguing that the new proposed regulations might not be in line with the rules of the WTO. The complex nature of the EU’s decision making process has been blamed for the resulting trade dispute between the United States and the European Union. The fact that this dispute took place was due to the fact that the European Union is still extremely cautious concerning the importation of GMO into its territory. Most of the concern from the EU is based on the belief that some of the GMO that are imported, especially from the United States, may not be fit for human consumption and if consumed may end up having long term detrimental effects on the health of those who consume it. This is the reason why the EU chose to take on the precautionary principle, where it prevented any GMO products from the United States from entering any of the markets within its territory (Karlsson 51). During the case brought before the WTO, the argument that the EU was taking illegal action... This essay stresses that some political analysts have suggested that the best way to resolve this dispute would be for the United States to take the lead through the easing of restrictions against European beef products so that the EU can also see it fit to reciprocate in kind. In addition, there has been the suggestion that the creation of a free trade zone between the United States and the EU would create an avenue where there would be a reduction of trade disputes and an increase in cooperation between them. The fact that he enjoys the good will of the European public is likely to work in his favor not only in matters concerning the ending of the beef import stand off, but also those of the creation of the free trade zone. A free trade zone would be the ideal guarantee for the ending of most, if not all the disputes that involve these two entities. This report makes a conclusion that the existence of restrictions against American beef products in the European Union have also been created because of the need to ensure that these products are not in any way detrimental to the environment. The environmental impact of GMO products are yet to be fully analyzed and it is high time that research concerning it be conducted to ensure that better ways of managing these products are developed. The United States, on the other hand, has to adopt some of the concern about GMO effect on health and environment because very little research has been conducted on the subject. Through this adoption, there will be a better understanding of the reasons behind the European ban on some of its GMO products, and this will enable them to reach an amicable solution to their disputes.

Rhetorical Problem Solving Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Problem Solving - Case Study Example Additionally, for last quarter the sales dropped by 5%, when he goes for lunch he sometimes fails to report back to work and for the last one month Mason has been absent for seven days. Mason has reached his retirement years at sixty-two, but he has refused to retire voluntarily. He looks forward to retiring after three more years of work when he will be sixty-five years. However, Doakes has pointed out that Mason has been diligent on his duties all along until recently. His public relations have also been excellent before. Mason has been grooming Doakes to take his place when he retires, and this also explains the reason the recommendation job had to be given to me. My solution to this problem is to make Doakes assume Mason’s responsibilities, leave Mason’s salary as it is today and raise Doakes’ salary. One of the quickest solutions to this problem would be to retire him against his wishes, but this would be unfair to Mason because he has been of great service to the company for the last twenty-five years. His experience and loyalty for all those years is enough reason to keep him for extra three years. It is worthwhile noting that corporate social responsibility starts from the internal practice. Dealing with employees harshly or ignoring the feelings of the community hits companies very hard down the line. It is necessary that the company maintains good relationship with its workers, make the long-time serving workers feel valued as part of the company. While not every employee’s wishes will be respected in terms of extending their terms, Mason’s case is a special one and it has to be dealt with every caution possible with the fact that he has been very instrumental to the company for years. Am interested in knowing reason for Mason’s stay in the business for three extra years. It could be that he needs the salary, or he needs to complete a project he began. For either reason, it is for the best interest of the

Joe chaney case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joe chaney case - Assignment Example Likewise, it is possible for the manager to give employees some incentives for their hard work. By giving simple praise and monetary rewards, Joe can be motivated to improve his work performance and make Joe feel more satisfied with his work. Upon using the Performance Diagnostic Model, the cause of Joe’s performance problem includes: expectations and incentives problem. Joe is not motivated at work because he feels that he is being neglected by the architects because he do not have a degree in architecture and that he is only a draftsman in the company. In line with this, he stated that â€Å"no one around here respects my opinion† (Whetten and Cameron, p. 363). This is a clear sign that there is miscommunication between the manager, architects, and Joe. The lack of work incentives is also another problem that made Joe become less motivated. In line with this, Joe is not happy because his wife has to work in order to support the financial needs of his family (Whetten and Cameron, p. 363). Even though Joe is spending extra time and effort at work, he does not receive any additional monetary benefits to support the needs of his family. This makes Joe’s intrinsic outcome decline. To reshape Joe’s behavior, it is important for the manager reprimand the situation by knowing the main cause of Joe’s declining work performance. By knowing the main cause of his problem, the manager can easily develop strategies that could effectively address the main problem. To redirect Joe’s negative thoughts about being neglected or feeling less important at work, the manager should confront Joe about his declining work performance. During the discussion, the manager can express his support to Joe’s situation by giving praises for his previous outstanding work performance. This strategy will increase Joe’s feeling of being important and

Competing In The Global Arena Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Competing In The Global Arena - Essay Example Why is Apple holding so much cash Having too much cash in reserve might either mean that the company does not know yet how to allocate it or that they may have some risk concerns about future potential investment. Apple is obviously one of the handful of companies where the fortunes are seen to be intricately tied to the person in charge. The star excellence and the thinker talents linked by professionals Jobs are certainly contributed to the success of the company. So the news of Jobs' cancer surgery might lead to a succession problem and compromise the company's future. Apple achieved a solid performance for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same quarter 2004 with strong net sales in the Americas segment (+77%) in Europe (+63%) and in Japan (+18%). The Americas segment represents approximately 47% of the company's total net sales. The increase in net sales in the Americas, Europe and Japan was primarily driven by increased demand of the iPod and the consumer-oriented iMAC (Apple Computer, Inc. (AAPL), 2006). Demand for the iBook products were especially high for the Americas, while peripherals and other hardware were more popular in Europe. The retail segment's net sales grew to $561 million as compared to $273 million in the same period in 2004, this represents a remarkable 105% increase. B. Strategic Posture Mission Apple strives for continuous improvement in our environmental, health and safety management systems and in the environmental quality of our products, processes and services (Environmental Health and Safety Policy Statement, 2006). Apple's Guiding Principles Meet or exceed all applicable environmental, health and safety requirements. Where laws and regulations do not provide adequate controls, Apple will adopt their own standards to protect human health and the environment (Apple and the Environment). Support and promote sound scientific principles and fiscally responsible public policy that enhance environmental quality, health and safety. Advocate the adoption of prudent environmental, health and safety principles and practices by their contractors, vendors and suppliers (Environmental Health and Safety Policy Statement, 2006). Communicate environmental, health and safety policies and programs to Apple employees and stakeholders. Design, manage and operate our facilities to maximize safety, promote energy efficiency and protect the environment. Strive to create products that are safe in their intended use, conserve energy and materials and prevent pollution throughout the product life cycle including design, manufacture, use and end-of-life management (Environmental Health and Safety Policy Statement, 2006). Ensure that all employees are aware of their role and responsibility to fulfill and sustain Apple's environmental, he

Starbucks Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Starbucks Case Analysis - Essay Example The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is Starbucks, a vibrant international organization that offers a variety of products in the market, with its core business being the production and sale of coffee-based products. The company’s products are quite varied and include Frappuccino, double shot products, chilled cup coffees, canned and bottled coffees, coffee ice creams, fresh brewed coffee, customer CDs, and books. The company has an international market and features in countries including China, USA, UK, Europe and Canada. The company’s initial mission was to be the World’s premier purveyor of finest coffee without compromising its core principles. Currently, the company’s mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit - one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. The company’s vision is to open 300 net new stores locally and internationally. The company strategically intends to position itself as the undisputed coff ee authority with a global presence. Like every other organization, Starbucks has its strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of any organization propel it toward greater success while its weaknesses pose a challenge to its continued success and existence. Yet again, every business organization exists in an environment what impacts its activities either positively or negatively. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis will be applied in analyzing the position of Starbucks relative to its competitors and success. Strengths Starbucks as a company has a long history having been founded in 1971(Shah and Thompson, nd). The company has undergone significant growth over the years establishing itself as a preferred band across geographical and territorial borders. Having been in operation with a history of success and a good reputation, the company is bound to achieve more success as it can easily capture a greater market share. The company’s success histor y has been overseen by a dedicated management team. Under the leadership of Howard Schultz, the management team has seen the company achieve significant growth in various lines of business. Orin Smith, Jim Donald and other directors of the company had a wealth of experience in their various specialties their weaknesses not withstanding. Currently, Howard Schultz remains the CEO of the company, his dedication and brilliant management and leadership skills bound to make the company retain its success path. Starbucks endevours to be a great place to work(Shah and Thompson, nd). In this respect, it has taken several measures to ensure employee motivation, satisfaction, and dedication. The company’s employees are knowledgeable about the company’s products and services and are free to communicate their ideas and feelings to management without the fear of facing reprisals. Some of the benefits that the company’s employees enjoy include healthcare coverage, opportunity to own stock, and good work environments. Furthermore, the employees are trained on various aspects in respect of the company’s products and services. Their contributions to the company are well recognized as the company has a recognition program. The situation that the company is in as a result of these measures is healthy considering that motivated and satisfied employees are never easy to lose. The company’s turnover rate is significantly low which means that it benefits a lot in terms of high reputation as a good employer, provides high quality service due to its highly experienced workforce and suffers low hiring and training costs. The company has a strong and loyal customer base across different countries. The company is bound to glide in success with such a level of trust from its huge customer base. The company has instituted a number of measures to ensure that its customers are served wherever they are by opening several stores in various locations and throug h its franchises. Starbucks has a strong mission and is guided by principles that are

Assignment 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

5 - Assignment Example The term ‘love’ originated from English language in the 8th century and evolved to become what we know it today. From the old English, the word ‘lufu’ is related to ‘luve’ in Old Frisian, ‘luba’ in old Germany and ‘lubo’ in Gothic. In early systems of Scandinavian languages, there was ‘lof’, an equivalent of today’s ‘love’. Its present meanings were also contributed by the Indo-European ‘lubido’ connoting desire and ‘lubet’ which meant that something was attractive. As the word was changing from culture to culture, it acquired a different meaning considering the varying purposes for which people wanted to use it and the kind of emotions they wanted to express and as it came to Greek, the word ‘love’ acquired its meaning, as I define it and from the OED definition, from the Greek mythology in ancient Greek where words like ‘xenia’, †Å"philia,† â€Å"storge,† â€Å"eros,† and â€Å"agape.† Apparently, it is intoxicatingly fascinating to note that the meaning of words evolves from time to time and culture to culture as necessitated by cultures and customs. My definition of love as an intangible emotion that one experiences when they meet something or someone that makes them happy has been shaped by my American culture. Similarly, the word ‘love’ acquired various terms such as ‘lubido’, ‘lof’, ‘luba’ and ‘lubet’ in various languages as necessitated by what the people wanted to express and such meanings having been changing from time to time to a now relatively standard meaning of ‘love’. Hence, the meaning of words is shaped by time, cultures and customs coupled with the message that they are envisioned to

The Drug Problem Essay Example for Free

The Drug Problem Essay Drugs have been a consistent problem of the society. For a long time, the drug problem has been regarded as a criminal problem. Treating it as a criminal problem has only resulted in criminalization and I believe that accepting the drug problem as a social problem could prove more beneficial to the society primarily because there is nothing wrong with merely using or possessing these drugs. The laws of man are based on ethical standards and there is nothing unethical with the possession and the use of the drug. Drugs have only gained its negative image because of negative propaganda. Also, legalizing drugs would come with a load of benefits. According to Benson Roe, professor emeritus and chair of the Cardiothoracic Surgery at the University of California, illegal drugs have not been proven to have any long-term negative effects on the health of people. He narrated an incident when he was removing heart valves from some infected intravenous drug users and getting curious about the effects of the drugs on the users, he went to consult the San Francisco coroner only to discover that the only deaths caused by drugs is through infection contracted through unsafe intravenous injections and very rare cases of overdose (Roe). Roe indicated that no reliable and objective evidence points to drugs as more harmful than any of the substances that are not outlawed. It is often understood that society should keep its citizens away from drugs but the reason for this is unclear (Roe). If no evidence points to drugs being harmful, I strongly believe that there is no reason for drugs to be banned from the society. Also, drugs have never been proven to cause violent behavior. This aspect of the drugs may be blamed on the media since media entities often include the phrase â€Å"drug-related† to a crime even as no direct evidence points to the as the motivating factor for the crime. Merely the presence of drugs in a crime scenario is enough for irresponsible media practitioners to blame it (Jackson, 1998) since sensationalism sells. Often, the crime is motivated by another external factor. The media is unknowingly contributing to the negative drug propaganda (Jackson, 1998). Many politicians also play as advocates of the drug laws just for the sake of forwarding their political campaigns (Jackson, 1998). Anti-drug campaigns always make use of vague and emotive statements to get the support it needs from the public (Russel, 1999). One book entitled Hugs not Drugs: A Drug Abuse Prevention Manual published in the Philippines starts off with a story of how a bright and studious teenage girl got hooked with drugs. The girl later dropped out from school and had relationships with men that took advantage of her. Many anti-drug campaigners make use of such stories to say that drugs are bad. I however believe that these stories are not proof of drugs being bad. In the case of this girl, her actions might have been motivated by something else. She may have problems with her family or may have been sexually abused which is why she resorted to using drugs at a very young age. The book also indicates that crime experts have already established a link between drug use and juvenile and violent crimes. The source of the information was however not cited making it questionable. The book also does not have a clear reference page. This kind of practice is never accepted in the academic world and is evidence of a black propaganda. Drug laws have not been helpful to the society; rather, it is the best ally of the drug pushers (Jackson, 1998). Drugs prices would not be so high if drugs were legal. Legalizing drugs would come with price and quality regulations. The price of drugs would be cheaper when regulated and the already minimal cases of death caused by infected injections and rare cases of overdose would also more likely be eliminated if drugs are to be regulated since the purity of the drugs would be assured. Also, information on proper dosage levels would be made available to the public. Additionally, the government would get additional revenue from the taxed drug trade (Roe). One country has tried legalizing drugs to regulate it. This country is Holland. They treat drugs as a social problem rather than as a criminal problem. Great Britain which implements stricter drug laws have higher crime rates of robbery, burglary, shoplifting and theft from cars compared to Holland. Having drugs legalized in Holland has generally brought crime rate down (Rose, 2002). Drugs are not evil. There is nothing wrong with possessing or using drugs. It is also not a harmful substance unlike what many people and so-called intellectuals call it. Legalizing drugs would work wonders and Holland is a living proof of it. The already minimal number of deaths caused by drugs would be reduced even more. Crime will also decrease as drugs become more affordable. Clearly, there is nothing unethical about the use and possession of drugs. Even as some people under the influence of drugs show violent behaviour, it is not a direct result of the drug. Other factors affect the behavior of a person. Ethical concepts are not used as the basis of drug laws and a law which is not based on ethical principles is not a good law. References Roe, Benson MD. Why We Should Legalize Drugs. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. druglibrary.org/schaffer/Misc/roe1. htm Osorio, Susan. (1997). Hugs Not Drugs: A Drug Abuse Prevention Manual. Manila Mail Publication Philippines. Jackson, Ted. 3 December 1998. Why are drugs illegal. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. a1b2c3. com/drugs/law01. htm Rose, David. 24 February 2002. Two Countries Took the Drug Test. Who Passed?. The Guardian. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. guardian. co. uk/uk/2002/feb/24/drugsandalcohol. Davidrose Russel, Ken. 1999 July-August. Propaganda The War On Drugs. New Dawn Magazine. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from ttp://www. mapinc. org/drugnews/v99/n711/a10. html

Problem Faced By The Tourism Industry

Problem Faced By The Tourism Industry 1.0 Introduction: 1.1Background/ Preamble: In todays world the top three most important industries are telecom, tourism and IT. According to some estimates tourism shares 11% of the total worlds employment and around 100 million were employed in tourism industry during 2008. Tourism sectors around the world have shown phenomenal growth. Over the last quarter of a century it has grown by 500%. Many economically weak countries are generating their largest share of GDP from the tourism sector. Thailands tourist industry started to grow when Thailand launched Visit Thailand Year in 1987. This growth remained constant despite the Gulf war in 1991. This growth period is called as the Golden Decade of Thai Tourism. Economic growth of Thailand also proved to be very helpful for the growth of the tourism sector over the years. According to an official research the tourists coming to Thailand had reached an astonishing 42.5 million. The focus on Thailands government was not the only reason for its growth of the sector; there were other factors which helped the growth. These factors include the prevailing peace after the Cold War, the overall expansion of the countries in the pacific regions, the focus on tourism in the countries around Thailand, the growth and feasibility of the trade between countries, the innovations in the airline sector, the innovations in telecom industry which increased the feasibility of communication and others. The fact that all these factors were very helpful for the growth of Thailands tourism industry was that it was the first country to recognize the advantages of the tourism and set out to implement its tourism campaigns. Thailand also had location advantages as a tourist country as the tourist coming to Thailand also had the option to go either to China or India which are also one of the leading tourist countries. Following the growth of tourism in Thailand was the growth on middle income class. The later growth stimulated the desire of Thais to travel abroad too. The growth in local tourists has over all declined the net income from the tourism sector of Thailand. Currently tourism sector of Thailand has a 6.5 percent share in the GDP. Although the tourism industry of Thailand is very flourishing, but it still lags behind other sectors, such as manufacturing and services. Tourists coming to Thailand spend 16 billion dollar each year and spend 9 days in Thailand on average. Foreign visitors are not the only tourists Thailand depends on. The local residents of Thailand are also a major part of the tourists. Although the amount spent by these tourists is far less than the foreign tourists. In 2008 more than half of the international tourists were from East Asia, Malaysia and Japan. Malaysian visitors have a majority in the overall number of foreign investors to the country. European countries give close to 25% of the total number of visitors. Around 700,000 Australians visited Thailand in 2008; the number is huge when compared to the total residents in Australia. 1.2 Trends from 2007 to 2011 The number of tourists in the 1stQtr and 2ndQtr of 2009 was around 3.6m and 2.9m respectively. The numbers of tourists were lower than the 1stQtrs of 07 and 08. In the 3rdQtr/09 the no. of visitors is similar to that of both 07 and 08. In the 1stQtr/09 there was the highest number of visitors than the previous two years. The no. of visitors was highest during the 1stQtr/10. Due to the political instability from April to May 10, the number of visitors was low. The number of visitors was lower by about 1 to 2 million during year 09 and year 10. Still the number of arrivals in year 10 was record breaking. This shows that visitors forget the instabilities in only around 2 to 3 months. 2.0 Literature review Countries around the world are facing several problems with the tourism industry. Looking at the current trends there are a number of factors affecting tourism industries. Some of these factors are economic factors, technological factors, political factors, demographic factors and cultural factors. 2.1 Economic factors: Economic factors of both the host and the visitors country impacts a countrys tourism industry. The overall buying power of the visitors acts as a very important determinant for the tourist industry. In some countries the cost the vacations is very high. This discourages visitors from going to the specific country. On the other hand some countries offer cheap vacation packages allowing more visitors to come to their country. Over all global prosperity also plays a very important role. If the over all economical condition of countries is good this means in most cases that the purchasing power is higher in those countries. When the standards of living are better and the purchasing power is better people can afford more luxuries. Tourism is also considered as a luxury and the overall numbers of tourists from the specific countries grow. Thailand is one of the favorite places for tourists as it provides every thing that tourists want. Low cost and high quality services, beautiful beaches and natural environment. This also backfires for the host country at many places. Due to higher economic growth in the host country, the residents of the country also will to go abroad for vacations. This causes outflow of money from the economy known as leakage. The overall outflow is then balanced by the inflow of currency from other countries. The net income from the tourism industry of the host country is lowered over all due to the local population going abroad for vacations. Inflation is also a very important determinant when it comes to tourism sector. If the inflation rate is higher in the host country compared to the visitors country, the overall spending by the visitors is low in the economy as the price of products and services is higher in the host country. On the other hand if the inflation is lower in the host country compared to the visitors country, visitors tend to spend more in the host country. Thailand is facing a high inflation rate because of increase in the prices of crude oil but the problem is global. But due to difference in exchange rates inflation does not have a major impact on the tourist industry. For example, the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar has increased the number of EU tourists in Thailand. Along with this the purchasing power of Americans in Thailand has been stable, despite the depreciation of the dollar. In order to maintain the price competitiveness of exports the bank of Thailand has not allowed the Baht to appreciate against the dollar. The baht is under upward pressure, and it has an adverse affect on Thailands tourist industry. Thailands low price level has made it a most reasonable tourist place. 2.2 Technological factors In the current era aviation technology has seen a lot of advancements. Now days the major cause of inflation in many countries is the increase in fuel prices, but it also greatly hampers the tourism sector. As the increase in the fuel prices also increase the airline ticket prices. Therefore aircraft building companies are bringing a lot of innovation to the air craft designs. Due to this reason the over all air fare is greatly reduced. Countries now pay attention to keep the best and most technologically advanced planes at their main airports so that more visitors can come in. Infrastructure is very important factor for tourists on vacations. Tourism is considered as luxury act and tourists from across the world want the best or atleast sufficient infrastructure in the country they are about to visit. Example, Dubai is considered a famous tourist location only because it has better infrastructure than many other countries in its region. Tourists when think of Dubai, they know that it will be a place where they will have all the facilities that they might require; this is a global mind set for most of the tourists. Countries therefore must spend heavily on their infrastructure for the growth in the tourism sector. Now days the use of IT has been a focus of most of the countries. People around the world are now more used to of IT than any other mode of communication. Even visitors now days search online for holiday packages. Countries must make sure that ample information is available relating to their country and tourist spots which people around the world can see and be motivated to visit their country. 2.3 Political factors Visitors avoid areas of political unrest mainly when they visit other countries for vacations. This is mostly because of the mindset that people want to enjoy and relax during the vacations. An extreme example can of Egypt currently. Due to the protests for the change of president and protests in previous months the overall tourist industry of Egypt has recently collapsed. In order to achieve a liberal democracy, Thailands economy is facing a fluctuating and worsening political condition. However as tourists are mostly not interested in any countrys political condition then the political instability would not affect the tourism industry. Instable security conditions can be a major problem for the tourism industry. However research shows that if there is any instability in some parts of the country and the political turmoil is happening in a local area then it would not have a major impact on the tourist industry. Such as worsening of political condition in the southern province of Thailand does not have a declining impact on the tourist industry. However if the political instability increases and reaches other parts of the country it will boost tourists insecurity and fear. It will build a negative perception in the minds of tourists about that place. Also it might have a negative impact on tourists plans for example, if the crisis in Thailand increase s and reaches other parts of the country than it might have a n adverse affect on the tourist industry _ bomb blasts in Bangkok has led to a negative affect on the development of the tourist Industry. Individual and situational characteristics have affected tourists a lot because of the availability on information. It should be considered when taking in the account the security of tourist destinations, that the political instability is exaggerated by the news reporting. Several incidents in Thailand such as terrorists strike are given greater importance by the media than major road accidents. Road accidents in Thailand create a major security risk than a political unrest- and tourists are out most of their time and face many traffic jams every day. How ever Thailand is fairly a safe place than several other countries. Except for political instability, terrorism also has an indirect relation with the amount of tourists visiting a country. Terrorists also try to target the most important sites of a country to spread their terror. Most of these sites are the same sites to which tourists around the world come to visit. An example can be the pyramids of Geza which can we seen as an ideal spot for terrorists to attack. Thea Sinclair and Adam Blake of WTO said The contribution of tourism and travel to both industrialized and developing countries is now so great that any downturns in the level of activity are a cause for concern. The repercussions extend beyond activities directly associated with tourism, notably airlines, hotels and catering, to sectors that supply intermediate or final goods that are purchased by firms and employees in the industry, so that all sectors of the economy are affected to a greater or lesser effect. In the above quotation they are clearly pointing out the adverse impact of terrorist activities on tourism industry and how this adverse impact amplifies over time. Examples can be of cases from target killing of tourists in Egypt, bombing in Nairobi, hijacking of planes for the 9/11 attack etc. These activities not only collapse the tourist industry of the specific countries, but it also impacts the overall global growth of tourism. As mentioned above 9/11 had one of the most harmful impacts on global tourism industry. The overall impact of the 9/11 attacks cannot be measured but according to an estimate but it lowered world tourism by 10%. To regain the confidence most of the countries are using several encouragement tools such as lowering their air fares. 2.4 Demographic Factors Demographics of countries also impact the tourism industry. Living patterns and population affects both the demand of tourists and the supply of labour in the tourist industry. Example the overall percentage of tourists from Australia is higher though their population is lower than many other countries. 2.5 Cultural factors It cannot be ignored that culture is one of the strongest factors affecting the tourist numbers. It can be crucial point when it comes to competitiveness between the countries. Tourism nowdays basically stems out of cultural attractions. And this is this bond of culture and tourism that makes a destination more attractive than other to either go as a tourist, employee, investor or emigrant. 3 Objectives of the study The main purpose of this study is: To find out what are the current social problems Thailand is facing regarding its tourism industry. To find out what are the current economical problems Thailand is facing regarding its tourism industry. To find out what are the current infrastructure problems Thailand is facing regarding its tourism industry. To find out how tourism industry of Thailand is suffering due to the current political situation of the country. To find out what are the current demographical problems Thailand is facing regarding its tourism industry. To find out what are the current technological problems Thailand is facing regarding its tourism industry. To find out what are the current demographical problems Thailand is facing regarding its tourism industry. 3.1 Limitations: In order to conduct this study few limitations will be faced as well, such as: Geographical research limitations are our first constraint. The target audience is large in number and it will be very difficult to interact with every tourist of Thailand. We will not be able to cover all the minor problems related to the sector. Some of the official analysis by the Thai govt may be restricted to us. Time is also a big issue which will make our research limited. 3.2 Scope: In this study we will be focusing on the current economical condition of Thailand. We will relate different economical variables with the tourist sector. These variables can range from inflation to exchange rates. By looking at the previous trends of growth we will try to analyse the future growth of the Thailands tourism sector. Through online or paper questionnaires we will try to find out what problems are tourists in Thailand facing. 3.3 Assumptions: The assumptions we will take in this study are: The sample size of our research shows the majority of the tourists coming to Thailand The situation of Thailand remains stable during our research. Data gathered from TDRI is accurate. 4.0 Research Methodology: 4.1 Research Design: In order to understand the problems affecting the tourism industry we will first measure the effect of each of the variables on the over all tourism industry of Thailand. In exploring these variables several different studies will be taken under as secondary data to build the foundation. Apart from this, several tourists perception surveys will be conducted to develop a deeper understanding. In order to insure that all the variables are covered we will attach specific weight ages to the variables and the results will be both qualitative and quantitative in nature. 4.2 Procedure: Problem Statement Study of Thailands economy: Basic understanding of the different sectors, Problems Thailand is facing as a country, Understanding of the Thailands tourism industry foreign perspective: Introduction of the sector, Growth of the sector, Comparison the to the other countrys tourism industries, Past trends of the sector, -In-depth research on forces which previously moved the market globally and in relation to Thai tourism: Economic forces, Political forces, Demographic forces, Technological forces, Primary research: Questionnaire In-depth Questionnaire, Hypothetical offers, In-depth Analysis, Conclusion: Problems and challenges faced by Thailands tourism industry, Recommendations for the Thai government as a whole, 4.3 Sample: The sample size will be consisting of 100 tourists both local and international. Interviews will be taken from famous economic analysts for in-depth research. 4.4 Measurement/ Instrument Selection: Data Collection: Data will be collected through both secondary and primary sources. Primary data will be collected after complete analysis of available secondary data. Method of Data Collection: Interviews: interviews will be taken from both the tourists and economic analysts. Data gathered from the tourists will be used to form a perception chart of Thailand as a whole and the information gathered from the experts will just be used to see if the research is going on the right track and nothing is being missed out. Structured questionnaire: For the collection of primary data, in depth structured questionnaires will be developed. 4.5 Variables: The variables will be incorporated at the later stages, as the research will proceed. 4.6 Hypotheses: Hypothesis will be incorporated at later stages. 4.7 Software employed: We will use Spreadsheet and SPSS software in during our study.

Genocide Essays -- essays research papers

Genocide is a reality that no one can ever conquer or vanish if they are working alone or do not look at the consequences upon taking choices of action. We as Americans feel it is our duty to only take a course of action if we know and are fully aware of the actions being made against the people, or if we are being affected directly. If it does not affect us and we do not know about it then obviously we cannot do anything about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We feel that if we know what is going on and it is not directly affecting us then we will tell them to stop what they are doing and give them a â€Å"false† threat to hopefully scare them into stopping whatever they are doing. We also feel that if we are not being directly attacked and we know what is going on we will wait for surrounding UN countries to take action before sending our troops into something we are not excited about getting into. If the UN troops fail, we will jump in and try our best to stop whatever is going on. However, if they succeed then we will not intervene with the process of any clean up of the genocide or after activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our first priority on our country today is the citizens living inside of it. We have millions of troops in our army, marines, navy, and air force that would be going over and risking their lives for something we aren’t apart of. If the other countries can handle it then why should we be involved?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We also need to respe...

Leadership And Management Essay -- essays research papers

Lead and Manage People Leadership is the key dynamic force that motivates and co ordinates an organization to accomplish its objectives. A leader creates a vision for the others and then directs them towards achieving that vision. To be a leader you must have followers who have confidence in you and who give you their support and commitment to a goal. My Leadership Role I have been employed at Harley Nursing Home since September 1997 every Sundays. My initial position at Harley was as a kitchenhand. Within this position I was introduced to the organization, it’s staff and the rules of being employed at Harley. As a kitchenhand I had to follow the cook’s leadership orders in the preparation and washing of dishes for 32 meals. After two years, the cook was transferred to one of the owner’s other nursing homes. I was then the privilege of this leadership role as a cook. Not only did I learn more about the preparation and cooking of 32 breakfasts, lunches and dinners but also be able to inspire, influence and motivate the other staff members in achieving the same goal: To feed the 32 residents of the Nursing Home. Within this leadership role I was able to develop my self confidence, communication skills, and problem solving tactics. Corazon Aquino Two and a half yrs after her husband’s assassination in August 1983, Corazon Aquino became the leader of the Philippines. As a president of the Republic of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992, she led the country during it’s diffi...

Care Of Older Adult Synthesis Health And Social Care Essay

In the instance survey of Susan Smith and her household, there are many pertinent factors that need to be addressed. Mrs. Smith has legion serious medical conditions such as coronary arteria disease, insulin dependant diabetes, and degenerative arthritis. She lives on a fixed income far off from all household, which puts her at hazard for seeking and obtaining proper wellness attention. Mrs. Smith besides has safety, cultural, and emotional demands that need considered throughout her program of attention. Education It is clear Mrs. Smith needs extra attention, nevertheless she needs particular attending put away as to how the information and facts gathered are traveling to be presented. Mrs. Smith ‘s highest degree of instruction is the tenth class and therefore we can presume that her literacy and cognition of the medical field and wellness system is minimum. Additionally, agism, know aparting against older grownups, attitudes and elderspeak which consists of chantlike voice, short simple sentences, and decelerate speech production, must be avoided in order for Mrs. Smith to grok her medical intervention. To go on, Mrs. Smith suffers from macular devolution ; hence written information should be in big print and placed in order to utilize peripheral vision. Mrs. Smith is African American ; hence cultural pattern and historical experiences during her life-time should be taken into consideration. African Americans lived during the Jim Crow Torahs and the Tuskegee Experiment, an experiment w here black work forces with poxs were mislead and did non have intervention for the disease. Although Mrs. Smith ‘s instance is rather different, these historical experiences have left the African American population with small trust for health care members ( Touhy & A ; Jett, 2010 ) . Safety and Mobility Osteoarthritis Safety and proper mobility are critical facets to pay close attending to with older grownups. Mrs. Smith suffers from degenerative arthritis ( OA ) and confusion. Although Mrs. Smith is loath to fall in an aided life installation, instruction sing diet, exercising plans, and physical and occupational therapy offered are necessary to her recovery. Harmonizing to Seed, Duncan, and Lynch, the first measure in OA is instruction. Since, Mrs. Smith ‘s literacy degree is minimum and no anterior cognition about this disease is known, information should be given in a clear apprehensible mode with extra written information. Extra instruction for degenerative arthritis would include accent on farther intervention options. Harmonizing to the article Osteoarthritis: A Review of Treatment Options, a lessening in weight and BMI can significantly assist with degenerative arthritis in hips and articulatio genuss. Besides, manual therapy of the articulatio genus through physical and occupational therapy has been proven to increase the map, hurting, and stiffness affected by OA, particularly the articulatio genus ( Seed, Duncan, & A ; Lynch, 2009 ) . Impaired Cognition Mrs. Smith is besides enduring from confusion which impacts her overall safety. Her forgetfulness is likely the ground for her recent house fire which led to first and 2nd grade Burnss. Performing a Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) would be good to measure for any new cognitive lacks. A thorough autumn appraisal should be completed explicating what a autumn is and how often/ if at all Mrs. Smith has fallen. Harmonizing to Touhy and Jett ( 2010 ) confusion is a major subscriber to falls along with lessened ocular sharp-sightedness, arthritis, joint hurting and cardiovascular jobs which Mrs. Smith qualifies for. A autumn appraisal must be done and the consequences must be looked at closely as some of Mrs. Smith ‘s implicit in issues may be related to and hold a important impact on her overall position ( p.182 ) . Driving Safety Additionally, Mrs. Smith has been in two auto recent auto accidents. It is evident that non merely is Mrs. Smith seting her ain life in danger, but the lives of others as good. Therefore, Mrs. Smith ‘s ability to drive must be assessed. This appraisal will include a vision cheque, cognitive damage appraisal, engagement of medical supplier, attending span, ethanol or drug usage and reaction clip. This appraisal and treatment will necessitate their engagement ; their sentiment in her drive accomplishments. Besides, unfastened treatment between the senior and household can frequently extinguish defeat and statements. Socioeconomic Status Mrs. Smith ‘s socioeconomic position ( an African American widow populating on a fixed income ) has a important impact on her attention. Socioeconomic standing has a direct relationship with attention sought after. Persons with decreased incomes are less likely to seek medical attention due to miss of income and insurance coverage and hence, medical issues are neglected and jobs become worse. Aged inkinesss are three times more likely than Whites to be in poorness. Furthermore, individual adult females are at an increased hazard for poorness, hence Mrs. Smith has two key hazard factors against her socioeconomic position ( Touhy & A ; Jett, 2010 ) . Prevention In position of the fact that socioeconomic position must be taken into consideration, preventive steps to guarantee booming wellness conditions must be taught and emphasized. As an African American, Mrs. Smith has an increased hazard for high blood pressure, cardiovascular and nephritic disease. It is of import that she is cognizant of preventive steps for these and other wellness concerns every bit good as go oning attention to command her preexistent conditions. Harmonizing to Moulton in Hypertension in African Americans and its related chronic diseases, proactive intercessions include increased exercising and decreased Na to forestall farther disease advancement with Mrs. Smith ‘s coronary arteria disease and prevent nephritic disease. Besides, in Mrs. Smith ‘s state of affairs, carbohydrate numeration and an overall lessening in nutrients high in sugar can assist command her insulin-dependent diabetes. These proactive wellness picks will assist decrease Mrs. Smith â⠂¬Ëœs health care costs ( Moulton, 2009 ) . Insurance Mrs. Smith ‘s insurance is unknown at this point. Further probe will uncover whether or non she qualifies for Medicare and/or Medicaid. Parts A, B, C, and D of Medicare should be investigated in order to happen out what will profit her most with her fixed income and demands. Touhy and Jett ( 2010 ) stated that Medicare A covers acute attention and short-run rehabilitative attention. This may be good to Mrs. Smith since she is presently enduring from first and 2nd grade Burnss which will necessitate dressing alterations and careful monitoring. Medicare B covers ‘costs associated with the services provided by doctors ; nurse practicians ; outpatient services ; physical address, and occupational therapy ‘ ( p 358 ) . Medicare C provides a list of locations and suppliers who are covered. If patients wish for their medical demands to be covered they will follow this list, if non they pay out of pocket for farther attention. In The consequence of transitioning to Medicare Part D drug coverage in seniors dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid ( 2008 ) Medicare Part D aims â€Å" to increase entree to prescription drugs † ( Shrank, Patrick, Pedan, 2008, p. 1 ) which may in fact aid Mrs. Smith. Therefore, if applications are decently claimed, Mrs. Smith may hold the ability to hold medicines covered. Additionally, with Mrs. Smith ‘s demanding wellness conditions, such as coronary arteria disease, insulin-dependent diabetes and history of chest malignant neoplastic disease, extra aid with her legion medicines may significantly profit and increase her overall fixed income. Financial advisory is strongly suggested to be completed in order to observe if Mrs. Smith ‘s fiscal state of affairs allows her entree to Medicaid, which is a plan for those who have increased demands of medical attention with a significantly decreased fiscal state of affairs ( Shrank, Patrick, Pedan, 2008 ) . These federal aided plans can assist Mrs. Smith wage for legion medical conditions which require an enhanced sum of medicines, supplies, and physicians assignments ( Touhy & A ; Jett, 2010 ) . Fiscal Planing In add-on to the old suggestions for cut downing Mrs. Smith ‘s fiscal load, one could make a proper budget for her wellness attention costs. She has overdrawn on her account a few times late, hence aid with planning and equilibrating her histories is much needed. The kids of Mrs. Smith, no affair how far the distance, can assist her appropriately budget her money. This will non merely assist her cut down the excess charges from retreating, but besides extinguish the hiring of a more expensive fiscal contriver. Ethical and Legal Considerations The ethical and legal issues recognized for Mrs. Smith are hard and comprehensive. There are many determinations to be made sing Mrs. Smith ‘s approaching hereafter attention. She has several chronic conditions ; although manageable, necessitate particular preparation, medicines and therapies. Most significantly, Mrs. Smith and her kids need to pass on together and reason what attention will cover the complete good being of Mrs. Smith. She is approaching the terminal of life and imperative issues such as life will, power of lawyer and codification position demand to be determined. A life will and code position should be determined in instance of farther disease procedure or unpredictable unwellness. The household will be able to admit their female parent ‘s wants. Therefore, Mrs. Smith should take a power of lawyer, person with whom she feels comfy go forthing her wellness determinations to be made by in the instance that she is unable to make so. Deciding upon these lega l issues may ease the head of Mrs. Smith and her household as they make pertinent determinations of Mrs. Smith ‘s close hereafter. Residential Options Due to Mrs. Smith ‘s damaged place, it is imperative that she relocates every bit shortly as possible while her abode is under re-construction. Although it may non look to be the instance, Mrs. Smith and her household have many options for possible wellness attention installations. Another option for Mrs. Smith is to travel in with one of her kids into what is considered a â€Å" granny level † . Although patients with an African American background are more likely to partake in this type of life, Mrs. Smith ‘s kids live far distances off and this may non be ideal. Depending upon Mrs. Smith insurance, she can relocate to a skilled installation while her Burnss heal. Mrs. Smith will necessitate extended demands with diabetes control and proper healing of her lesions ; a skilled installation will supply this attention. However, Mrs. Smith and her kids have clip to program and discourse the life state of affairs for Mrs. Smith after her house is fixed because this, ev ery bit good, is a critical facet to her attention. Clearly, Mrs. Smith and her household have many surrogate options to take from. Once once more, Mrs. Smith ‘s options depend upon her insurance, nevertheless she can travel into aided life where people will be available to help on a day-to twenty-four hours footing while besides holding privateness and the will to make as she pleases. Another option consists of Mrs. Smith holding a place wellness attention nurse/aid visit her often, taking attention of her demands and guaranting the proper medicine and interventions are received each twenty-four hours. Finally, Mrs. Smith can partake is a theoretical account of attention called PACE ( Program for All Inclusive Care for the Elderly ) . This plan provides primary and acute attention, place attention, and nursing place attention while leting the senior to populate independently in the community ( Touhy & A ; Jett, 2010 ) . An of import facet to see while Mrs. Smith is taking a new residence is relocation emphasis syndrome. Harmonizing to Koe, Travic, and Acton ( 2004 ) resettlement emphasis is â€Å" anxiousness, depression, apprehensiveness, solitariness, and increased confusion † ensuing from a move to a new environment ( p. 3 ) . Although non all relocating experiences are negative, â€Å" sum of control new occupant ‘s experience, every bit good as the grade of support of the household in the decision-making procedure † are major subscribers to relocation stress syndrome ( Koe, Travic, and Acton, 2004, p. 3 ) . Decision Mrs. Smith and her five kids open-mindedly discussed with an interdisciplinary squad of medical professionals the best possible attention for this 81 twelvemonth old African American with multiple chronic unwellnesss and acute attention issues while populating on a fixed income. Through her kids ‘s planning and research, their female parent qualifies for specific parts of Medicare and Medicaid. The Smith household besides decided through an involved type action scheme, Mrs. Smith included, that it was clip cabs, coachs, or household and friends escort her on errands and activities. Mrs. Smith, while loath to make so, relocated to a skilled installation unit while her house was repaired from the harm during the fire. While retracing the house, the kids have agreed to financially back up alterations to their female parent ‘s house in order for her to populate in the community longer. These alterations include railings installed throughout the house, kitchen and bathroom points at an eye-level, approachable topographic point, grab bars in the shower, raised lavatory place with bars, and thresholds removed from room accesss. Mrs. Smith will be partaking in the PACE theoretical account of attention because this is recognized as a lasting supplier under Medicare and Medicaid. Mrs. Smith ‘s diabetic demands of finger sticks and right insulin injections were met through this theoretical account. Additionally, she was offered physical and occupational therapy while in the place. For the clip being, Mrs. Smith is successfully still populating in her community with the aid of her household and complex interdisciplinary squad.

Pros and cons of zoos Essay

The Con’s Personally I detest zoos only because I love nature and love to see animals in their natural habitat. It saddens me to see monkeys, seals, bears, etc., caged in or dolphins in what looks like fair-sized pools of water, but, when you consider the vast ocean that they belong to, the pool is but a puddle. If governments of this world are environmentally conscious (and the U.S. and Canada are not) then we wouldn’t have to go to zoos to see these animals. It’s a far greater thrill to see the real thing in their own habitat. †¢ By zoo I think you mean animal prison. Besides robbing them of freedom: disease, illness, mistreatment by handler’s visitors and other animals, injury, psychological distress, injury to visitors, and the worst of all death of the animals. Good zoos are fine, but there are some zoos out there which most people don’t even know exist which are illegal and the species of animals kept are not well looked after. †¢ While I agree to a great extent to both of the previous statements I would also have to say that the one thing about zoos that is good is that there are countless people in the world that do not have the means or opportunity to see wild animals in their natural habitat and a zoo is the only way they will ever have the chance to do so. It is sad though the way some animals are treated in zoos; I personally think the board of directors of a zoo should be personally held accountable for the well fare of the animals in their keeping. PRO’S Zoos nowadays are not marketed as places of entertainment – they are places of education. Most modern zoos have their main emphasis on conservation and education – the reason that so many schools take children to zoos is to teach them about nature, the environment, endangered species, and conservation. Far from encouraging bad treatment of animals, zoos provide a direct experience of other species that will increase ecological awareness.

Odyssey Illiad Devine Comedy Metamorphoses Aeneid

The illiad book 1 Who is the king of the Achaens Who is the best warriar Where are they making war What was the reason for this war Who were the prices for achiles and Agamemnon (the girls) Who is chryses Why was there a plague? Who is archilles mom what is she the god of and what favor doeshe ask of her Odyssey book one and 2 Who is Poseidon why is he mad at odyssey Who is hermes What is the favor Athena ask poseidon Where is odyssey trapped and by whom? Wha does her name mean How does Penelope trick the suitors into marrying him Why does Athena dress up as mentes and who is telemechasHow does Athena protect telemachas and what journey does Telemachus go on Whaat does the two eagles mean that zeus brings down Aeneid book1 Y is juno mad at aeneas (two reasons) what does juno do for revenge who is god of wind who is the queen f carthage how does venus protect aeneas from juno book 1 bok 2 book 4 of metamorphoses what des metamorphoses mean wha does cupid do to Apollo, who does he fall in love with and what does she transform into what does apoll do that represents he will be with her forever which character did juno sleep with and what was the character turn into and for what reason?What did mercury do to argus and what? What was his transformation and who turn him into ir Difference between magpies story and muses who won? Why were the perdies turned into mag pies. What were the mag pie stories about as well as the muses Who is Diana the goddess of The devine comedy What r the three real msdanes travel through As dante climbs the hill towards the light wha kind of animal blocks it? What are the other two animals he encounters? Who is the ghost that he encountersWhy does the ghost tell dante to come with him Where is dantes homeland What is a canticle Whatsa stanza Why is it called a comedy( 3 reasons) Who translated dantes work and year Who does dantes compare himself to? Who is Beatrice Dantes way with words whatdoes he compare himself to? The thousand and one nights. Who is the king of india Who is the king of shamarkand What is the vizier What is the reason for th eking of india to keep killing woman How did the vizier protect his daughter from getting her .

How to play soccer Essay

How To Play Soccer?  Soccer is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.  According to FIFA which is the international foundation of football association, soccer is  played by two hundred and fifty million players in over two hundred countries, making it the  world’s most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.  The object of the game is to score by using any part of the body besides the arms and hands to  get the ball into the opposing goal. One way to learn how to play soccer is to know its skills,  field and equipment and the general rules. There are five fundamental skills that a beginner player should know before starting  playing soccer. The major skill is passing, knowing how to pass the ball to other teammates is a  major part of the game by using the inside part of the foot. In addition to passing, controlling  the ball is another necessary skill that any player should master. Also, dribbling an opponent  with or without the ball is a skill that needs some techniques, not every soccer player can  dribble. Moreover, kicking the ball is a major skill that allows players to score goals, to kick a  ball, a player should hit the ball in the center by using the front of the foot. Finally, stopping  the opponent or tackling is one of the duties that is assigned to defenders and midfielders, they  try as much as they can to recuperate the ball from the opponent team in order to rebuild an  attack. Passing, controlling, dribbling, kicking and tackling are the five major skills in soccer. Additionally, soccer is played in a rectangular field that is divided into two parts.  The length of the field is one hundred and thirty yards and the width is hundred yards.  In addition, there are eleven player in each side of the field, every player has a position that is  assigned by the coach who choose the best tactic to play, the most famous tactic is 4-4-2: one  goalkeeper, four defenders, four midfielders and two attackers. Furthermore, we don’t need  much equipment to play soccer, all what we need is a spherical ball, a jersey, a short and shin  guards to protect players legs. The Field, players positions and the equipment are three vital  elements in playing soccer.  Moreover, like other sports, soccer has its own rules. There is four referees, the duty of  the official referee is to enforce the laws of the game and control the match in co-operation  with the two assistant referees and with the fourth official who organize substitutions. There are  two types of warnings in soccer, yellow and red card. The referee give one the cards basing on  the foul committed. For example, if a defender touches the ball by his hand voluntarily, the  referee give him a yellow card, if the player touches the ball inside the operating area the referee  gives him a red card which means an expulsion from the match. In addition, there are two kinds  of kicks in soccer, direct and indirect kick. In direct kick the player kicks the ball directly to  the net. In contrast, in the indirect kick, the player passes the ball to one of his teammate to  continue their attack operation. Having an idea about soccer rules, fouls and the different types  of kicks may help players to get familiar with the circumstances of matchs.  Finally, based on my experience, I believe that soccer is a wonderful sport to play  because it combines between tactical and physical skills. Also it needs few equipment and  requires to know about basic rules to ensure a better playing condition.

Bsed in Social Studies in the Philippines Essay

BSEd in Social Studies in the Philippines The program provides students with essential knowledge and proper teaching techniques that are necessary for becoming effective educators in the high school level, with a focus on the social studies: geography, history, sociology, etc. Admission requirements for BSEd in Social Studies in the Philippines * Must have recommendation from high school principal and guidance counsellor * Must have the Original copy of high school card (Form 138A) * Must have most recent medical and dental health record * Must take and pass the College Entrance Examination * Must have a copy of NSO certified birth certificate * Must have a certificate of good moral character * Must have a copy of high school diploma * One 2†x 2† copy of latest photo Duration of BSEd in Social Studies in the Philippines The BSEd in Social Studies in program takes 4 years to complete. An on-job training or internship is done on the third and fourth year level of the program where students are exposed to both in-campus and out-campus teaching. The internship will last for at least 1 month on every grade level. Subjects included in the BSEd in Social Studies program * World History & Civilization: Contemporary Ideologies * Geography & Natural Resources of the Philippines * Developmental Reading for Secondary Education * General Psychology w/ Drug Abuse Education * Experiencing the Teaching – Learning Process * The Learner’s Development & Environment * Computer Application for ARTED Education * Philippine Government & the Constitution * Teaching Strategies for Social Studies * Economic Planning and Development * Child and Adolescent Development * Assessment of Student Learning * The Literatures of the Philippines * Introduction to Art Education * World History & Civilization * Contemporary Mathematic * Introduction to Economics * The Teaching Profession * Micro-Macro Economic * Study & Thinking Skills * Life and Works of Rizal * Facilitating Learning * Law-Related Studies * Group Guidance * Asian Studies * Earth Science Licensure examination required in order to practice as High School Social Studies teacher in the Philippines A graduate of BSEd in Social Studies in needs to pass the Licensure Examination for Teachers in order to practice the as a high school teacher in the Philippines. The examination is given by the Board of Professional Teachers under the supervision of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Requirements for the Licensure Examination for Teachers * Must be a holder of a degree in BSEd in Social Studies with academic credits on required subjects from a university recognized by the Philippine government. * Must have a copy of the Transcript of Records with Special order and date of graduation with remarks â€Å"FOR BOARD EXAMINATION PURPOSES ONLY† * Must not have any case filed or pending for moral turpitude in any court in the Philippines that involves moral turpitude * Must have an original copy of community tax certificate (cedula) * Must have a copy of the NSO authenticated birth certificate * Must be of good health and sound mind * Must be of good moral character * Must be a Filipino Citizen Career opportunities for graduates of BSEd in Social Studies in the Philippines * High School Social Studies Teacher * Area Studies Regional Specialist * Cultural Resource Specialist * Information specialist * Foreign service officer * Social Worker * Communicator * Researcher * Editor Reviews of BSEd in Social Studies graduates: C. M. Studied Bachelor of Secondary Education Major In Social Studies at University Of Santo Tomas , Manila Graduated: 2010 About my college education: It is interesting and enjoyable. Challenging at times because you have you maintain such grade to still be in the Dean’s list. As an educator, hard work and patience are important. Interpersonal skills also because you are going to be in front of a hundred students a day or interacting with parents and fellow colleagues. Creativity – to be able to think motivations and activities that you are going to give your students. And of course, English, math, science, etc skills which depends on your major. My current job: Teacher âÅ"“ Perfectly related to Bachelor of Secondary Education Major In Social Studies Am I using what I learned in college: When I am teaching, I always see to it to inculcate to my students the importance of one’s faith in God and also on how to be a good citizen of the country. I always include it on every lesson. How long did it take to find a job after graduation: Right after graduation, I got 5 job offers from different companies and schools. I even got an invitation to enter law school. I got a job right away after passing the board exam. Do I recommend studying Bachelor of Secondary Education Major In Social Studies: Yes, educators are in demand in the country and also in other countries. It is indeed fulfilling because you get to serve others and share your knowledge and talent. The price? Appreciation, gratefulness and genuine love from your students. I was lucky enough to work on a private school where the salary is high.

Crowdfunding in Nigeria Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words - 1

Crowdfunding in Nigeria - Literature review Example This has become a very popular method of raising funds for any time of project but little is known about the motivation and interest of the people donating on the crowdfunding platforms (Fowler, 2007). According to Hemer (2011), the crowdfunding has been defined as the process that involves the making an open call through the medium of internet for provision of the financial resources. These can take the form of rewards in exchange of some form of voting right or equity in the organization. Hemer (2011), further argues that although the crowd funding was in existence in the late 1990 and was largely used on the internet, it was limited to the to get funding for activities in the creative industries that included making of videos or film Publishing by the independent writers and journalist other people in the theatres, visual arts and games. However, the development in the recent times brought by the invention of new tools like the Web 2.0 and social media and networking sites has con tributed to the use the viral networking and marketing (Lee, DeWester and Park, 2008). This has attracted a huge number of people in the to some web communities that is of interest to them within a very short time (Crowdsourcing.org. 2012). Although the crowdfunding has only attracted the scholarly investigation in the recent times, the concept is an old age one that has been practiced in some societies. An example of early application of crowdfunding is seen in the building of the Pedestal for the statue of liberty. This statue was established in1884 by Joseph Pulitzer, who had made an open call to the people in America provide the micro donations to fund the project (pritts, 2010). The online funding is otherwise a new concept that is has been greatly boosted by the development of the Web 2.0 technology (Lee, DeWester, and Park, 2008). This has resulted in the establishment of more crowd funding

A critical evaluation of the role of Budgetting Essay

A critical evaluation of the role of Budgetting - Essay Example results in nothing more than dysfunctional behaviour has initially been proposed by Hope and Fraser (2003) as part of the Beyond Budgeting Round Table (BBRT). This report is a review of relevance of budgeting in contemporary business contexts and an attempt to suggest which one among ‘better budgeting’ or ‘beyond budgeting’ will be effective to the CFO of Halfords Group plc. This report is prepared to submit to the CFO as he asked me to review literatures and prepare a report based on ‘budgeting- lost relevance’ after he participated in a conference that made him concerned about the matter. In finance and accounting, budgeting is a formal plan expressed in monetary terms and is prepared in a current financial year to provide managers and other stakeholders with an estimate of the anticipated costs and revenues for the next financial year (Chandra, Menon and Mishra, 2007, p. 264). Traditionally, budgets served a number of useful purposes such as 1) planning annual business operations, 2) coordinating various activities in the organisation, 3) communicating these plans to various responsibility managers or departments, 4) motivating managers to achieve desired organisational goal, 5) controlling all activities in the firm and 6) evaluating managers’ performance (Drury, 2006, p. 426). Because of that budgeting looks both forward and backward, it identifies resources that the company is likely to generate and the need in its near future to serve as a measure of current and past performance of department and individual managers (Fabozzi and Drake, 2009, p. 334). Why budgeting has been traditionally considered as an effective strategic tool for management accounting was that it was nothing but a plan relating to future and it helped management take various critical decisions pertaining to strategic planning, budgetary planning and operational planning (Walker, 2006, p. 305). Budgeting has also played a very significant role in strategic and operational

Diplomatic Immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diplomatic Immunity - Essay Example Yet because of ambiguities in the interpretation of the said international agreement, abuses of diplomatic immunities have become inevitable. These abuses of power and privilege range from petty crimes like traffic violations and debt to more serious crimes of conspiracy, rape, and murder. Because of this, efforts to clarify the extent and provisions of Diplomatic Immunity should take place. This paper will then attempt to provide suggestions on how to resolve and prevent abuses of diplomatic immunities. Diplomatic immunity, as agreed upon by the standards of international law, is a form of legal exemption extended to a country's diplomats. This entitles the diplomats and their immediate families to be exempted from the laws and local courts of the host country. Some of the general provisions of diplomatic immunity guarantee that the diplomats and their immediate families: "may not be arrested or detained, may not have their residences entered or searched, may not be subpoenaed as witnesses, and may not be prosecuted." (eDiplomat, 2006) The 1958 Yearbook of International Law Commission, as cited in Vrk (2003), mentions three theories about the legal bases of diplomatic immunity. ... ntatives of a sending state, the diplomats should also be given the same independence as a receiving state would have negotiated with the sending state itself. These two theories, of course, have long been deduced to legal fictions with all the faulty assumptions. The accepted theory behind diplomatic immunity now lies in the "theory of functional necessity." This theory is based on the need of diplomatic missions and diplomats to efficiently perform their duties and responsibilities according to what their country requires from them, without apprehensions of being criminally charged by the receiving state. For instance, diplomats are able to initiate unfounded penal proceedings without hindrances from the receiving state because of diplomatic immunity. According to eDiplomat (2006), "Diplomatic immunity is not meant to benefit individuals personally; it is meant to ensure that foreign officials can do their jobs. Under the concept of reciprocity, diplomats assigned to any country in the world benefit equally from diplomatic immunity." This assumption that diplomatic immunity would be reciprocally observed between sovereign states justifies the seemingly biased scales of justice. The rationale why countries agree to be dependent on a foreign country's decision before prosecuting a diplomat in their own territory is based on the fact that these countries are both receiving and sending diplomats. This means that they also have their own diplomats' immunity at stake in different countries across the globe. It is clearly stated in the preamble of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations that "the purpose of such privileges and immunities is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the efficient performance of the functions of diplomatic missions as representing

Porto Maghera Strike and Its Impact in Employment Relationship Essay

Porto Maghera Strike and Its Impact in Employment Relationship - Essay Example Based on this research the labor condition of the United States of America today will never be the same if not for the various battles and protests our countrymen fought for. Indeed, the labor history of America is extensive and extended episodes of human drama which are deemed important and necessary towards the emancipation of American workers. The established labor laws and rules were somehow abusive and clear violations to human rights. The power was centralized within the organization leaders and the laborers were controlled at all cost to institute fear, thus ensure compliance. However, with the continuous fights that the American laborers went through and the unceasing cause that they all stood up for, slowly the labor condition in the history of the United States changed dramatically in favor of the common people. True that these changes and improvements caused difficulties, struggles, and even lives. As America learned to unite and formed unions to battle against discriminat ion and prejudice, gain the right to representation, and utilize the collective bargaining process as the heart of their actions, the American workforce eventually found success in building a strong labor movement that brought the labor industry as to what it is today. Labor movements are products of intense yearning for equality and balanced control between the management and the employees. The unequal power that exists within a workplace and the institution that dominate an organization often lead to oppressed and exploited workers. In time, these workers will break out from these abusive power relations and institutionally prescribed rules to instigate changes in their roles as workers, thus labor unions or strike. As labor historian Jeremy Brecher said: â€Å"In periods of mass strike, workers act outside of institutionally prescribed roles. They reinvent themselves as historical actors and as part of a group making history together. When workers strike and otherwise withdraw t heir cooperation from existing institutions, they reveal that those institutions are not the fixed things they appear – that in reality they depend on the living human beings whose activity makes them up. Win or lose, mass strikes reveal the truth about social relations hidden in an alienated society.† (Brecher 1997, p. 275) In this paper, the subject of strike or labor union will be explored in terms of how it changes and improves the course of labor conditions, specifically when it comes to employee relations and roles of taken on by the management and the employees. This discussion, however, will not focus on the American labor history, but rather on the general impact that labor union brings to the society and working conditions of people. In order to successfully present the topic, the case of Porto Marghera workers will be examined through the documentary film Porto Marghera: The Last Firebrands (2004) to find out how the workers of Porto Marghera struggled for be tter working conditions and eventually improved employee relations. Porto Marghera: The Last Firebrands (2004) Porto Marghera: The Last Firebrands (2004) is a documentary film detailing the historical encounter of independent workers’ union in the industrial region of Venice, Italy during the late 60s and early 70s. This film features the real life experiences of the worker-activists at Porto Maghera petrochemical works and outlines the intricate and often on edge relations between employees and political militants and shifting class organization through crucial instances of fights. This documentary shows how radical formation of political unions and ideologies towards their liberation from abusive working environment led the workers at the plant to challenge the conventional labor power structure and capital and change the course of labor condition in their favor. In the film, the featured petrochemical workers

Education in the patient care setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Education in the patient care setting - Essay Example Before the means to develop and enhance the learning in my area of professional practice for a patient can be established, it is important to discuss first the different principles of learning which relate to the quality of feedback, individualization, relevance, and their applicability to practice. There are eight principles of learning which have to be considered in health education. These principles include: multi-sense learning, active learning, primacy and recency, tell them what you are going to tell them/tell them what you have told them, feedback, reward, practice and repetition, meaningful material, and holistic learning (Egle, 2007, pp. 4-5). In multi-sense learning, two or more senses are utilized, allowing the students to hear, to see, and touch, and to do (Kroehnert, 2000, p. 10). By using various techniques, it is possible to provide visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic outlets for more effective learning. Another principle – active learning also refers to learning by doing (Martyn, 2007, p. 71). This principle sets forth fact that as participants become more actively engaged in their learning, they are also likely to be engaged in the learning and application, as well as in the problem solving, and in case studies (Egle, 2007, p. 4). The third principle, primacy and recency – discusses that learners often remember the first and the last experiences (Castel, 2008, p. 429). A thorough and comprehensive introduction and conclusion are therefore important aspects of learning. The principle of telling them what you are going to tell them, and telling them what you have told discusses the fact that chunking or dividing lessons into mini-sessions can improve the learning process (Egle, 2007, p. 4). The fourth principle, that of feedback sets forth the importance of feedback from learners and trainers (Office of Assessment, Teaching, and Learning, 2010, p. 46). The message is ac tually the feedback; participants need feedback to assess their progress and the leaders need feedback to evaluate the sessions. The fifth principle is reward. This is about experiencing success and reward. Most people feel better when they are rewarded for their efforts and feeling good about themselves often leads to more improved efforts in their activities (Egle, 2007, p. 5). The sixth principle is reward, revision, and reinforcement (Sutton, 1999, p. 2). This principle sets forth that memory needs repetition of materials; the more it is repeated, the more it is ingrained in one’s memory. The seventh principle is on meaningful material. This principle basically sets forth that materials are related to previous knowledge and that participants are likely to learn best with materials which are relevant (Egle, 2007, p. 5). The last principle is on holistic learning. This principle s