Critical Response- George Orwells Shooting And Elephant :: essays research papers

Basic Response Essay I class, we read a short story by George Orwell called Shooting an Elephant. It was a tale about mental fortitude, judgment, and the weight of friends. I for one didn't care for this story. I thought that it was exhausting, inconsequential, and simply one more "hasn’t - this - occurred - to - you" tale about nothing. Be that as it may, it was very elegantly composed, and in the event that I needed to basically react to this story, I would laud the creator on various things.      The story opens by portraying the connection between the town and himself, a kind of sub-division cop of the town. Depiction is definetly not ailing in the opening, as words, for example, "aimless", and "petty" are utilized to portray the town, and the manner in which it treats it officials. It descriibes the sort of obliviousness the town needs to untouchables and anybody they don't "approve of". The story opens well, and explains immediately, the who, what, where, when, why and how. No inquiries are posed and all disarrays are immediately annulled.      The second passage depicts clearly how he the storyteller feels about his activity decision, and his perspectives on the town. He says "†¦I was stuck between my contempt of the realm I served and my fury against the abhorrence energetic little mammoths who attempted to make my activity impossible". The storyteller not exclusively is in a spot where he loathes, yet he likewise detests the individuals he works with, and works for! Stunning, how’d he end up there?      Basically, the story line comes to tell the story of an elephant that should be executed, in light of the fact that it escaped the zoo and endagers the network. The story portrays how the principle character feels about himself and the weights of the network. A confrontation peaks the storyline between the elephant and the storyteller, and the whole town is there to observe and lure the primary character. Basic Response-George Orwells Shooting And Elephant :: papers research papers Basic Response Essay I class, we read a short story by George Orwell called Shooting an Elephant. It was an anecdote about boldness, judgment, and the weight of friends. I for one didn't care for this story. I thought that it was exhausting, futile, and simply one more "hasn’t - this - occurred - to - you" tale about nothing. Notwithstanding, it was very elegantly composed, and on the off chance that I needed to fundamentally react to this story, I would laud the creator on various things.      The story opens by depicting the connection between the town and himself, a kind of sub-division cop of the town. Portrayal is definetly not ailing in the opening, as words, for example, "aimless", and "petty" are utilized to depict the town, and the manner in which it treats it officials. It descriibes the sort of numbness the town needs to pariahs and anybody they don't "approve of". The story opens well, and explains immediately, the who, what, where, when, why and how. No inquiries are posed and all disarrays are immediately annulled.      The second section portrays strikingly how he the storyteller feels about his activity decision, and his perspectives on the town. He says "†¦I was stuck between my disdain of the domain I served and my wrath against the abhorrence vivacious little monsters who attempted to make my activity impossible". The storyteller not exclusively is in a spot where he abhors, however he additionally loathes the individuals he works with, and works for! Amazing, how’d he end up there?      Basically, the story line comes to tell the story of an elephant that should be executed, on the grounds that it escaped the zoo and endagers the network. The story depicts how the fundamental character feels about himself and the weights of the network. A confrontation peaks the storyline between the elephant and the storyteller, and the whole town is there to observe and tempt the principle character.

Cultural and Educational Rights in India Essay

As India is a nation of numerous dialects, religions, and societies, the Constitution gives uncommon measures, in Articles 29 and 30, to ensure the privileges of the minorities. The Cultural and Educational Rights is one of the six key rights that have been conceded to us in the Indian Constitution. This privilege permits each resident of India to have a social and training up to where that individual needs. This basic right is portrayed in the constitution as: Any segment of the residents dwelling in the domain of India or any part there of having an unmistakable language, content or culture of its own will reserve the privilege to monitor the equivalent. No resident will be denied induction into any instructive establishment kept up by the State or accepting guide out of State assets on grounds just of religion, race, standing, language or any of them. All minorities, regardless of whether dependent on religion or language, will reserve the option to build up and manage instructive establishments of their decision. In making any law accommodating the necessary obtaining of any property of any instructive foundation set up and regulated by a minority, alluded to in condition (1), the State will guarantee that the sum fixed by or decided under such law for the securing of such property is, for example, would not confine or repeal the privilege ensured under that provision. The State will not, in allowing help to instructive organizations, oppress any instructive foundation on the ground that it is under the administration of a minority, regardless of whether dependent on religion or language.

Give Yourself an Hour

Give Yourself an Hour College is an exciting time, and it’s also a very busy time. Between your classes, work, student organizations, and a social life it can be difficult to find some time to yourself. It’s certainly something I’ve battled with for the past two years. For me, at least, the fear is that of falling behind. There’s always something that I could be doing at any given moment. I could get that one piece of homework out of the way. I could send out that email to my exec board. I could go out for food with my friends. I could work on that internship assignment I have. I’m also constantly surrounded by students who are very successful themselves, which can be both a blessing and a curse. I love working with students here because of the great things we get done together, but it can also create a consistent nagging stress of “I’m not doing enough right now”. I’m here to argue for your health. Nothing I’m about to say is new, but if it helps one person to hear it again then writing this piece is worthwhile. You need to take time each day to clear your head. Not once a month, once a week, or even once every few days. Each day. I try to do this in the morning. Over the summer I practiced getting up early to go to the ARC Gym. I don’t send emails at the gym, I don’t make calls at the gym, and it’s certainly hard to think about accounting homework when I’m sweating and need all my energy to finish the workout. All of the things that I don’t work on during that time will be waiting for me when I get back, and that’s a good thing. But they won’t bother me there. It doesn’t have to be the gym for you, either. It could be reading a book, cooking, or taking a walk around our beautiful campus. Trust me, you have 24 hours in the day, and you can make 23 of them better by focusing on yourself for one. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

The Great New Orleans Kidnapping Case Race, Law, And...

The work of Michael Ross in The Great New Orleans Kidnapping Case: Race, Law, and Justice in the Reconstruction Era, helps us understand the history of New Orleans and Reconstruction Era in only 10 chapters of the book. â€Å"Ever since Reconstruction ended in 1877, many have questioned whether the North’s effort to bring a new social, economic and political order to the old Confederacy had any real chance for success† (6). During this essay we are going to discuss how Michael Ross helps understand more about the history of New Orleans in terms of the Reconstruction Era. Some of the political and social changes that happened in New Orleans by 1870 were the inclusion of a highly educated Afro-creole elite, democratic vision of Post-war Republicans testing, race became an important factor in politics and the Reconstruction. Social changes such as formation of highly educated Afro-creole elite meant that an interracial sharing of power could be possible. New Orleans at the time was under the governorship of Henry Clay Warmoth, a war time Republican. Meanwhile at the moment New Orleans was being tested for a change in democracy. â€Å"If a black detective found the Digby baby or her abductors, it might help dispel white fears that black policemen would not solve or punish crimes committed by black against whites† (20). This case of the kidnap represented an opportunity for the governor to back off the Democrats from their accusations of incompetence and corruptions by proving interracialShow MoreRelatedEyewitness Evidence And The Innocence Project 3722 Words   |  15 Pagesgreatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in 72% of convictions overturned through DNA testing. In this paper, I am going to revisit two cases that were affected by this striking procedure of eyewitness misidentification, efforts currently being made to address this problem, and my personal recommendations to minimize cases surrounding the topic illustrated in this paper. Although eyewitness testimony can be significant when displaying it to a judge or a jury, years of supportiveRead MoreMcKay AP Euro Cornell Notes Ch 12 133584 Words   |  15 Pagesor social mobility for poor knights, criminals, and great nobles. C. The decline of medieval chivalry 1. Chivalry, a code of conduct for the knightly class, enjoyed its final days of glory during the war. 2. Chivalry and feudal society glorified war. D. The course of the war to 1419 1. The battles took place in France and the Low Countries. 2. At the Battle of Crà ©cy (1346), the English disregarded the chivalric code and used new military tactics: the longbow and the cannon. 3. TheRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagessuggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quiteRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesFirst Edition Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology, Seventh Edition Gehrlein, Operations Management Cases, First Edition Harrison and Samson, Technology Management, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: Text Cases, Third Edition Hopp, Supply Chain Science, First Edition Hopp and Spearman, Factory Physics, Third Edition Jacobs, Berry, Whybark, and Vollmann Manufacturing

Focus Group Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Focus group is a qualitative technique used mostly in marketing research and also other areas of research. This technique is used to collect primary data. This document consists of information about focus group. We will write a custom essay sample on Focus Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main objective of this assignment was to investigate how focus groups techniques are used to collect primary data about the phenomenon at hand in the real world. The research method used was Google scholar for academic journals. The campus library database was also used for more academic journals and textbooks from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) different libraries. The main problem experienced in the completion of this document was that most textbooks about this studied topic were outdated in the author’s campus. Hence, different campuses of NMMU were visited and the right textbooks were found. This document presents a review of the literature on focus groups. It continues with an empirical study on organisational corruption in secondary schools. Also included, is the reference list of all cited sources as well as an annexure. 2 FOCUS GROUPS In the collection of primary data there are two research methods that can be of use, quantitative and qualitative methods, which can both be subdivided into idiosyncratic primary data collection methods. Because the main focus of this document is on focus groups, therefore only qualitative techniques will be mentioned which are in-depth interviews, projective techniques and focus groups. Seymour (2004:04) defines focus groups (F. G) as â€Å"group of interacting individuals having some common interest or characteristics, brought together by a moderator, who uses the group and its interactions as a way to gain information about a specific or focused issue†. This technique has been utilised in many fields to collect primary data as mentioned above and its characteristics are discussed in the following section. 2. 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCUS GROUPS When F. G are considered to be used in a certain research study then there are characteristics which have to be taken into account, which are: group size, group composition, physical setting, moderator, recording tools and length f group discussion. Below it is a detailed review on each of the above mentioned characteristics of F. G. 2. 1. 1 Group size When determining to embark on F. G one has to think about the size (number) of that certain F. G. Despite the confusion that can be created by different sources stating a different number of possible group sizes. The research of F. G can be undertaken with a group of 4- 12 people (Tong, Sainsbury amp; Craig 2007:351). Large F. G group size can jeopardise the discussion as it may be difficult to handle the discussion, even so the group size depends on the complexity of the research study. . 1. 2 Group composition After the group size had been decided then the group composition must be considered as well. All participants taking part in a F. G must be homogeneous in the interest of the studied phenomenon (Malhotra amp; Birks 2006:160). Participants with similar characteristics, which the study is about, make the discussion easier and nicely flowing. 2. 1. 3 Physical setting When choosing the venue to carry out a F. G it is imperative that the chosen venue must also meet the aspects of the phenomenon at hand and of the participants. Daymon and Holloway (2002:194) state that â€Å"choosing the right environment for traditional focus groups plays a vital role as it can attract freely expressed opinions from the participants†. 2. 1. 4 Moderator In the success of F. G moderators play a vital role. It is of crucial role that moderators in F. G keep the environment safe so participants can freely express their opinions and most importantly must use probe questions; such requires a great experience from the moderator (Hague, P. , Hague, N. amp; Morgan 2004:53). Therefore, the moderator ought to possess skills such as creating chemistry with the participants, keep the flow of the discussion and analysing the data collected. 2. 1. 5 Recording tools No person can be able to cram exactly a discussion of over 20 minutes by his head; some points will certainly be missed. Wiid amp; Diggines (2009:90) express that â€Å"sessions should preferably be recorded (both visual and audio) so that the researcher can review the sessions later in order to gain further insights†. These tools therefore, assist to keep the already realised needed data and the data that the moderator was unaware of during the discussion. 2. 1. 6 Length of group discussion When planning F. G it is essential to plan the duration precisely as it may play an impact on the data collected. However, just like group sizes, length of F. G depends on the complexity of the issue at hand. The more complex of the issue is the more the duration of the discussion is required, but if so then breaks must be taken in between to let the participants to enliven and produce successful F. G (Malhotra amp; Birks 2006:161). While on the hand, Seymour (2004:05) being unambiguous reveals that â€Å"most focus groups encompass 90 minutes to three hours of discussion†. With the above discussed characteristics of F. G considered, then one has to scrutinise the advantages and disadvantages of F. G. The following section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of F. G. 2. 2 ADVANTAGES F. G has its own advantages which can attract this technique to be used. These advantages are discussed individually beneath. Cost- because discussions are done simultaneously then it reduces the cost (Wiid amp; Diggines 2009:91). Speed- because a number of individuals are being interviewed at the same time, data collection and analysis proceeds speedily (Gerber-Nel, Nel amp; Kotze 2003:104). Synergy- a discussion with a number of participants can also be of help by generating more information than one-on-one interviews (University of Toronto [UT] 2002:02). Snowball- Malhotra amp; Birks (2006:162) state that â€Å"a bandwagon effect often operates in a group discussion in that one person’s comment triggers a chain reaction from the other respondents†. In elaboration, a comment from one of the participants may reveal an idea to some other participant(s). Scientific scrutiny- because the moderator is also in the venue of discussion with participants, it also gives the moderator the opportunity to also observe (Malhotra amp; Birks 2006:162). However, disadvantages investigated by the author are more than the mentioned above but the above mentioned are those anticipated as most important. 2. 3 DISADVANTAGES Focus groups have advantages which can jeopardise the collected data or the data collection process itself. These advantages are explained below. Misjudgement- Gerber-Nel et al (2003:104) utter that â€Å"results are misinterpreted due to bias†. Non representative sample- because of the small number of participants in total as compared to quantitative, therefore participants in F. G cannot represent any population (Wiid amp; Diggines 2009:91). Inconclusive results- the results of F. G only retort to ‘what’ but not ‘why’ which can sometimes make the narrow and create a need for a quantitative research study (Gerber-Nel et al 2003:104). Difficulty in analysing- this method mostly consists of words which make it more difficult to analyse (Grudens-Schuck, Allen amp; Larson 2004: ¶9). 2. 4 WHEN TO USE FOCUS GROUPS With the above discussed sections it is also vital for one to know when to utilise F. G. Focus groups are mostly used to discover behaviour, perceptions, attitudes and processes (Hague et al 2004:50). These traits that F. G are used to discover which responds to the question of ‘when to use focus groups? ’, which in respond will be, F. G can be used in; stand alone method, supplementary to a survey and as a part of multi method design (Daymon amp; Hollower 2002:188). The following section will discuss the use of F. G in the study of organisational corruption in secondary schools in Turkey and the information provided is based on annexure A. 3 FOCUS GROUP STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL CORRUPTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANKARA In Turkey after it was seen that the level of corruption in secondary schools is high, it was then seen important that a study on this problem should be undertaken. The moderator and his assistant decided to use F. G study to identify the perceptions of teachers in Ankara (a city in Turkey). The group sizes of the study were eight and nine respectively, which in total consisted of 17 participants (12 males and 5 females). These participants were chosen due to homogeneous attributes meeting the studied problem, because this study is about secondary schools therefore the participants were critically recruited due to their profession of teaching. Thereafter, the moderator and his assistant held the F. G in a cosmopolitan city of Turkey known by the name Ankara. Apaydin amp; Balci (2011:821) state that in the study â€Å"audio and video recordings were taken informed consent†. Which helped to later on even realise information shared which the researchers were not aware of. The duration of each focus group was 90 minutes, which the researchers felt the time it was the right time, for each group discussion. The fact that F. G were held made it less costly for this study than any other possible study because a large number of people participated in this study at a time which also made it quite quicker. Some points in this study were raised up by addition or revealing of another idea by some other participant’s comment. On the other hand, the researchers also saw that because at first the participants were suppose to represent secondary schools of Turkey as a nation then later converted to the cosmopolitan city Ankara but still the researchers saw that the number of total participants is quite diminutive to represent such large population. On the findings of this study it was seen of importance that further study should be carried out on different groups so the findings can be generalised. CONCLUSION This study has been a great study which can be improvised in a way. Such way is that the researchers must carry on with the focus groups and compare findings, if even after several discussions same findings are gathered then it would be a point where the findings can be generalised for the secondary schools in Ankara. REFERENCE LIST Apaydin, C. amp; Balci, A. 2011. Education. Org anizational Corruption in Secondary Schools: A Focus Group Study, 131(4):818-829. Daymon, C. amp; Holloway, I. 2002. Qualitative research methods in public relations andmarketing communications. London: Routledge. Gerber-Nel, C. , Nel, D. amp; Kotze, T. 2003. Marketing research. Claremont: New African Books. Grudens-Schuck, N. , Allen, B. L. amp; Larson, K. 2004. Focus group fundamentals. Methodology Brief: 9. Hague, P. , Hague, N. amp; Morgan, C. 2004. Marketing research in practice: A guide to the basics. London: Kogan Page. Malhotra, N. K. amp; Birks, D. F. 2006. Marketing research: An applied approach. 2nd rev ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Seymour, A. 2004. Focus groups. An Important Tool for Strategic Planning:1-32. Tong, A. , Sainsbury, P. amp; Craig, J. 2007. International journal for quality in health care. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ): a 32-item Checklist for Interviews and Focus Groups, 19(6):349-357. University of Toronto. 2002. The health communication unit. Using Focus Groups, 02:1-59. Wiid, J. amp; Diggines, C. 2009. Marketing research. Cape Town: Juta. ANNEXURE A: ORGANIZATIONAL CORRUPTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY How to cite Focus Group, Papers

Scar Story free essay sample

After getting the ladder we walked to the pine tree. The pine tree looked to be about 70 feet height. Since the lowest branch was about 20 feet we unfolded the ladder all the way. I volunteered to go first. I climbed up to the first branch and started to saw through it while my cousin Migue held the ladder, so I wouldnt fall. After about eight or nine minutes the branch fell to the ground. I climbed down the ladder to inspect the branch. It didnt have enough needles to decorate the whole Nativity display so we decided to cut another branch. This time Migue climbed up to cut the branch and I held the ladder. This branch was about 26 feet high, thicker, and right above the ladder, so Migue had to reach up a little to cut it. After a few minutes of holding the ladder my arms started to get tired. We will write a custom essay sample on Scar Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of a sudden, the ladder started to tilt to the left. I held the ladder tighter and looked up. Migue was losing his balance and was about to fall. I quickly pushed to the right Just enough so he could grab on to the branch. Thanks, he said looking down at me. He climbed down the ladder so we could have a five minute break. After we rested, he climbed back up and I held on to the adder more securely than last time. Once again he started to saw through the branch. A few more minutes passed and my arms were starting to get tired again. I looked up and saw that he was almost finished cutting the branch. All ofa sudden I hear the branch cracking. Carl look out! yelled Migue. I looked up Just in time to see the branch break and fall. I didnt have enough time to do anything, but put my arms up to protect me. Then I feel the branch falling on top of me and knocking the air out of me. I laid there for a few seconds trying to take in what Just happened. Then I heard my cousin umping off the ladder. He bends down and helps me lift the branch off. was way too heavy. Im fine, I replied. He dusted the dirt off my back while I inspected my injuries. I had a large cut on the front of my right arm and scratches on both arms. Eventually, the scratches went away, but the cut on my arm left a permanent scar. Although the branch was not large enough to kill me, the injuries could have been more severe. This scar reminds me of when I was young and not always so careful. It also reminds me how lucky I was not to break an arm, or a rib, or even geta concussion. I am thankful.

Global Warming Solutions essays

Global Warming Solutions essays Since the mid nineteen sixties, environmentalism has exploded as a movement. Many environmentalists view modern industrial society as unsustainable and the way that western society functions as damaging the earth's natural biosphere and cycles. There is a growing body of evidence to support the belief that our consumer culture and industrial processes are in fact destroying the delicate balance and complex interrelationships that nature has forged and upon which we still rely. The biggest worry of most 'green' groups at present is the well documented 'global warming' effect in which it is believed the earth's average temperature is rising, causing sea levels to rise (more to do with thermal expansion of water than ice cap melting), destruction of natural habitats and most worryingly to humans; climate change. However it would be ignorant to believe that the earth has always been as it is now, indeed rapid climate change is a natural phenomenon which has occurred countless times in the earths history; ice ages and warm periods mark definite periods in earths living history, a period of extreme warmth for example marked the Cretaceous Tertiary era boundary where over 90% of the land species of the earth became extinct allowi ng mammals to become the dominant class of species. Ice age and periods of warmth are common and a feuture of a dynamic planet. Despite this, geology and anthropology have discovered fresh evidence that suggests this latest climate change event may be different. Only in times of extreme volcanic activity or celestial change has a climate change period been so quick in taking effect, and this present one is accompanied by neither. Evidence to suggest that it is indeed human activity which is causing environmental disaster is growing. Statistical and historical evidence suggests there is a direct link between the actions of humans and environmental destruction. Although conclusive proof can easily be found for aci...

Cadmium Facts - Periodic Table

Cadmium Facts - Periodic Table Cadmium Atomic Number 48 Cadmium Symbol Cd Cadmium Atomic Weight 112.411 Cadmium Discovery Fredrich Stromeyer 1817 (Germany) Electron Configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2 Word Origin Latin cadmia, Greek kadmeia - ancient name for calamine, zinc carbonate. Cadmium was first discovered by Stromeyer as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Properties admium has a melting point of 320.9Â °C, boiling point of 765Â °C, spcific gravity of 8.65 (20Â °C), and a valence of 2. Cadmium is a blue-white metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife. Uses Cadmium is used in alloys with low melting points. It is a component of bearing alloys to given them a low coefficient of friction and resistance to fatigue. Most cadium is used for electroplating. It is also used for many types of solder, for NiCd batteries, and to control atomic fission reactions. Cadmium compounds are used for black and white television phosphors and in the green and blue phosphors for color television tubes. Cadmium salts have wide application. Cadmium sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium and its compounds are toxic. Sources Cadmium is most commonly found in small quantities associated with zinc ores (e.g., sphalerite ZnS). The mineral greenockite (CdS) is another source of cadmium. Cadmium is obtained as a by-product during treatment of zinc, lead, and copper ores. Element Classification Transition Metal Density (g/cc) 8.65 Melting Point (K) 594.1 Boiling Point (K) 1038 Appearance soft, malleable, blue-white metal Atomic Radius (pm) 154 Atomic Volume (cc/mol) 13.1 Covalent Radius (pm) 148 Ionic Radius 97 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol) 0.232 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol) 6.11 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol) 59.1 Debye Temperature (K) 120.00 Pauling Negativity Number 1.69 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 867.2 Oxidation States 2 Lattice Structure Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…) 2.980 Lattice C/A Ratio 1.886 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table Chemistry Encyclopedia

Criminal Procedure-Probable Cause Article Summar Essay

Criminal Procedure-Probable Cause Article Summar - Essay Example According to the US constitution, provisions for probable cause allow persons the right to secure their persons and property against unprovoked searches and seizures. However, there are some instances where searches and arrests can be done without warrants. This paper will examine an article from the Seattle Times in 2008, which speaks to the essence of search warrants specifically with regard to traffic stops. The article documents the incident of a traffic stop in Skagit County in 2006. According to the article, following a unanimous ruling, the court held that the smell of pot is not sufficient probable cause to necessitate the arrest and search of all vehicle occupants (Jones, 2008). This article identifies warrant requirements, and the ruling sets the foundation for what may be in the offing regarding probable cause and criminal procedure. Typically probable cause regarding vehicles and occupants should be affirmed by either a search warrant or warrant of arrest. However, in the case, in question, the officer conducted a warrantless search of the vehicle and its occupants in the basis of sheer smell of marijuana emitted from the vehicle. Essentially, the sheer smell of illegal drugs may not be sufficient to support probable cause as the smell of illegal drugs may linger in a vehicle for several days or even weeks. The officer investigating such incident may be forced to result to additional legal outlets that allow for further investigation of the smell. The officer in question should, therefore, have called for a search and arrest warrant on the basis of just cause, i.e. the smell as illicit drugs in the vehicle. This would have given the officer leeway to search, and detain all vehicle occupants and the latter would have been convicted much easier and without the court’s current decision. This is of paramount importance as the case’s police spokesman asserted

Choose one film to analyze in depth as a product of New Hollywood Essay - 1

Choose one film to analyze in depth as a product of New Hollywood - Essay Example Some of this action was spurred by the drastic social changes that were taking place at the time in the form of Civil Rights and Womens Liberation, not to mention the conflict in Vietnam and the conflict that caused back in the States. In an attempt to compete, studios found it necessary to merge with larger corporations that could provide additional revenue streams and stabilize the bottom line. Vertically integrated studios became a thing of the past and movie production fell in the early 1960s opening the way for foreign films to step in. These films and the fact that European, particularly British, locations offered lower budgets, enabled many of the artistic experimental styles being explored in Europe at that time to find their way into Hollywood productions. As the older directors began to phase out of the Hollywood limelight, younger directors such as Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola, Robert Altman or Mark Nichols willing to take chances and able to keep low budgets bega n to emerge. In these films, such as The Graduate by Nichols (1967), the directors employed experimental techniques to keep budgets low and focus on greater social issues of their times. In this example film, a young man returns from achieving his college education only to have his high ideals destroyed by the plastic society he is expected to join. In The Graduate, Mike Nichols captures much of the essence of New Hollywood from a variety of perspectives. An important aspect to consider in the development of New Hollywood is the number of massive socio-cultural movements that were taking place at the time. The Civil Rights Movement started in the mid-1950s with a much publicized Montgomery bus boycott. The power of the people to affect change was clear by 1964 when the Civil Rights Act banned Jim Crow segregation laws in the South. Black people now had the legal right to social equality if not the physical expression. The Civil Rights Act also

Importance Of Preservation Of Biodiversity Philosophy Essay

Importance Of Preservation Of Biodiversity Philosophy Essay There are three main arguments in the book. Friedman explains the problems by breaking them down into the simple categories that the world is getting hot, flat, and crowded. He related that the world is hot by explaining global warming and what problems it causes. Globalization is a main contributor to global warming. People consume more so they demand more to be produced which promotes globalization and global warming. The more we produce the more gas toxins are released into the atmosphere causing our air quality to diminish. Friedman takes an optimistic view of global warming by saying that it will help our economy downsize and force us into developing innovative technologies and eventually free us from depending on oil producing countries. Friedman also explains that the world is now flat, meaning that the rise of high-consuming middle classes all over the world is all linked together. As the economy increases the standard of living increases and the middle-class are the ones benefiting the most and causing the most problems. We want too much and waste so much. We buy and buy and buy and then just throw things away after a few uses instead of recycling and conserving. More countries like China and Russia are adopting the American way of living and the planet just doesnt have enough resources. Eventually, all the natural resources of the world will be depleted and we wont know what to do. The last argument is that the world is crowded. The worlds population increases by about a billion every thirteen years. People live longer and there is just not enough space for everyone. We are destroying our forests and jungles to build houses and factories. Pretty soon there will be no natural land preserved for farming and natural habitat. Friedman wraps up his arguments with one main thesis stating that America can recover from the major problems and by developing new technologies and policy solutions that pertain to energy and environmental stresses on the planet. He predicts that because America is the major contributor to these problems and that we have been facing these problems for some time now, we will be the first to invent these innovative technologies. Once we have these inventions we will be able to sell them to the rest of the world and gain some of the power we have lost. Part 2- Analysis (15 points) (1.5 pages max for each answer) Answer any THREE (5 points each) Why is the preservation of biodiversity important in a hot, flat and crowded world? How can we preserve biodiversity? The preservation of biodiversity is important because it is what keeps life going on our planet. It keeps species from becoming extinct, it provides crucial services to poor and under-developed areas, and its the little things that help us adapt to the ever-changing world around us. We cant live in a world where species die out regularly. There would be no cycle or continuity. We cant live in a world of cement and stainless-steel. There needs to be life on our planet in order to produce natural resources to survive. Rapid climate change and human development are destroying the biodiversity on our planet. It affects the quality of our lives. If we allow the planet to keep running on this destructive path we will kill off the small unnoticed organisms and species that keep everything running. My old basketball coach used to say take care of the little things and the big things will fall into place. Friedman is basically saying the same thing. If we keep the little things running like insects and plants, we bigger and more developed organisms will benefit. Friedman talks about two main problems with biodiversity. He explains how the poor communities look to natural resources to attain whatever they can to survive. The problem is that too many people are doing this. There are too many poor people depleting our ecosystems. The second problem is globalization. Globalization solves the problem of decreasing the amount of poverty, but it causes so many more. Globalization demands increases in production and consumption which results in competition to get as much, as quick as possible. This causes extinction of all aspects of life on our planet to come much quicker than ever before. To prevent this, the idea of government regulations and ethics of conservation have to be set forth. Governments can put restraints on where companies can develop and preserve ecosystems. Also there has to be new limits on consumption. Consumption of food, land, fuel and pretty much everything has to be cut in order for our planet to survive. Friedman basically explains that our ecosystems have to work in harmony in order to preserve biodiversity. Human beings are the cause of this dissonance. At one point our planet thrived and provided humans with all the natural resources it needed. We have over-consumed and destroyed too much of the planet for it to provide as much as it used too. The more we destroy the more we need to develop artificial ways to provide those natural resources. If we just cut back on consumption and work on making the planet work as it used too we will preserve biodiversity. What is energy poverty and what are its causes? Do you agree that ending energy poverty can help make a hot, crowded and flat world better? How? If you dont agree, explain why. Energy poverty is the fact that one out of every four people do not have access to energy. We take for granted the fact that when we walk into a room we flip a switch and a light turns on. In many countries like Africa that isnt the case. Friedman quotes Freling saying that, energy poverty means you cant pump clean water regularly, theres no communications, no way to have adult literacy classes, and certainly no way to run computers at school or have access to connectivity. Energy poverty means you do not have access to electricity, its more difficult to adapt to climate changes, there is no means to use computers or cell phones which mean you are limited in global commerce, education, collaboration, and innovation. Basically energy poverty limits your ability to do work and therefore limits your ability to thrive in todays world. It also hinders the ability to acquire basic needs the people who arent energy poor take for granted. The causes of energy poverty according to Friedman are economic growth, increased population, overconsumption, high oil and natural gas prices, rationing, and droughts. There is also the problem that some countries dont have the facilities to provide electricity and dont have the funds to build them. Some of these poorer countries are not governed by anyone or thing and are engaged in constant war. I agree that solving the energy poverty problem would make the world better, but I dont think it is a cure-all. Providing energy to these poor countries would definitely give them a way to educate themselves and connect with each other, but how do we make that happen? Friedman goes into saying that the problem with education is there is a teacher shortage and an energy shortage. Providing energy does not necessarily solve the teacher shortage. Who is going to teach the teachers? There is a healthcare issue in these poor countries, but providing energy doesnt mean doctors will want to go to these places, or that there are medicines to cure and help all of these people. Providing energy to places like Africa would be a huge leap for them, but my biggest problem is how do we do that, and where does the money come from? Providing ways of education and facilities to run electricity and allowing communication to be easier wont solve the turmoil going on in these sections of Africa, and will not cure all the diseases and problems they have. It would be a very timely and costly mission that seems like a fairytale. What is the reasoning behind Friedmans argument that Mother Nature and the Market hit the wall at the same time? The Great Recession is when Freidman says Mother Nature and the Market hit the wall. According to Friedman our planet and our markets have been growing at a pace too quick and too destructive to keep up with. Friedman focuses on three main reasons of why the Market and Mother Nature have come to a stop: unethical business and ecological values, under pricing the true costs of risks we partake in, and privatizing gains and socializing losses. Major economies like the US and China have come out with great technologies, but at a very high price. We didnt have the means to develop these products so we borrowed them. This is where the unethical business values and under pricing illuminates. If we spend too much money and too many resources there is nothing left, but these new technologies that last for a short period and then are disregarded. Now that these technologies are thriving we cannot return the resources and demand more. We are living beyond our means. Friedman says that instead of recovering from this recession we should use it as a time to change things. We need to stop living beyond our means and conserve. We cannot keep up this standard of living and pass it on to our children. Something has to be given up. The economy as it is now is unsustainable. Part 3- Critique (1 page maximum) (5 points) My impression of the book is that Friedman touches on many interesting and eye-opening topics. It really made me think about how much I really consume. America is a really wasteful country. I especially liked when Friedman touched on the fact that Americans buy ridiculous gadgets, use them twice, and then buy something else. If America focused on essentials we wouldnt consume so much. I dont usually look too far into things like global warming, but Friedman had good facts backing him up and I was really surprised at how real global warming is. I am big on things like recycling and a greener America. It is good that there are people out there trying to inform the world that changes need to happen and that they need to happen now. Friedman puts a sense of urgency on the fact that changes must be made. He describes and intertwines these problems in a very strategic and understandable way. What I dont like is that he doesnt have direct solutions to these problems. He looks heavily to the government which gives the government more control, and in my opinion, isnt always a good thing. Also, Friedmans ideas seem very costly and he doesnt provide explanations on where this money will come from. We are already in an economic crisis, there isnt any money to work with now let alone put into motion a whole new system of how the world works. My last argument with Friedmans ideas is that he is planning everything around the fact that America will develop these life changing methods of energy and fuel. This is a great optimistic attitude, but what happens if we dont? I hate to be a pessimist, but in todays world nothing is a definite. You cant structure a plan around something that hasnt been developed yet. Overall I enjoyed the book and have a different perspective on what I consume, and what needs to change.

European Colonization of Africa Essay

The European colonization of Africa during the 17th through 20th centuries had many positive and negative impacts on world nations and cultures; some lasting to present day. The â€Å"Scramble† or â€Å"Race† for Africa resulted from the process of invasion, occupation, and colonization of the African continent by European countries looking to expand their world influence and increase their fortunes (en.wikipedia.org, 2012). Europe’s exploration and settlement of Africa was originally limited to the coast. The African interior was much harder to access for Europeans because of the rough terrain, hostile natives, and disease risks. As technological advancements improved and industrialism took over, European advancements in transportation, communication, and medicines to treat malaria allowed Europeans access to parts of Africa they hadn’t been able to colonize previously. The first representatives of European countries in Africa were most often missionaries interested in ministering to the pagan tribes. One of their main goals was to stop the slave trade that had done so much damage previously. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish permanent settlements along the coasts of Africa in the 15th century. Portugal competed with Britain and France to control large areas of Africa while Italy and Germany held much smaller parcels. Scholars note that there seemed to be a sense of self-esteem building as countries raced to control territories that were much larger than themselves (en.wikipedia.org, 2012). Otto von Bismark, the German Chancellor, initiated the West African Conference in 1884. Ambassadors from many countries attended and agreed to notify all participating countries of any new African conquests. Europe’s colonizing nations felt drawn to Africa for its natural resources. Europe’s industrialization needed raw materials to continue, and many of its countries were also interested in civilizing and converting Africans to Christianity, and ending the slave trade (Nosotro, 2010). Unfortunately, one major result of the European colonization of Africa was the mistreatment of native Africans by colonizers. The Belgian Congo is one example of the abuses of native Africans by European settlers. Leopold II of Belgium had been charged with getting the Belgian Congo colony up and running. In doing so, Leopold allowed the natives to be treated like animals and slaves. He used the area as his private asset and exploited the lands despite the cost to natives. When rumors reached home that there were problems in the colony, truths began to surface. Although the British and the French were guilty of African native abuse, none were as severe as what happened in the Belgian Congo. The most significant effect of European colonization was the increase in slave trade. Although they eventually worked to end slavery, Europe’s colonies actually increased the trade of slaves in early years. The slave trade numbers increased dramatically as Europeans bought slaves to work on their plantations in North, South, and Middle America. Great Britain eventually outlawed slave trade in Africa in 1807, and then outlawed the act of slavery in 1834. Their ships patrolled the African coast watching for slave ships as the European interest in Africa grew. Another long-term result of European colonization of Africa came from the missionary work completed in the colonies there. Protestant and Catholic missionaries built hospitals and provided medical care, educated native African at mission schools, and translated the bible into African languages in order to allow Africans access to Christianity. European colonization also resulted in an uneven distribution of wealth among African people. Because European colonies were mainly located on the coast, the coastal forest natives gained wealth and power far superior to the people of the inland savanna. Coastal colonies rose up to be most powe rful while the interior colonies’ powers declined (Healy, 1994). One other notable result of European colonization came from the different type of government introduced to African natives. European style government was very different, and sometimes even contrary, to the traditional direct access culture the Africans were accustomed to. An exception to the coastal colony rule happened in Cape Town Colony in South Africa where the Dutch actually made some notable movements toward colonizing Africa’s interior. Settlers here began to move inward cultivating plantations and using Asian slaves for labor. Dutch planters had an advantage in South Africa because the weather there was milder. There were also less risks of disease for European settlers, and the area was less populated by natives. The long term effect of European colonization in the South was significant because it resulted in centuries of white rule and separation of the races. South Africa was the last country i n Africa to throw off white rule (Healy, 1994). We see the effects of European colonization of Africa even today. Scholars feel that Africa has struggled and failed to develop compared to other parts of the world because of the psychological effects of European colonization. Despite efforts locally and internationally, Africa is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. They make a comparison between Africa and Asia which are the two poorest world economies. Both of these areas were colonized but Asia is pulling ahead and developing quickly to compete with developed nations. Africa on the other hand, is still struggling. Economists feel that the way Africa was colonized plays a part in its ability to advance in development. During Asia’s colonization, Asians were more likely to participate in government, their culture was preserved, and their sense of culture was left mostly undisturbed. Africans experienced a very different sort of colonization. In Africa, the native governing systems and sense of culture were destroyed during colonization. To make matters worse, the idea that blacks were inferior to whites was pushed so strongly that blacks began to suffer from an inferiority complex that is evident even today (Abdulai, 2009). On the whole, European colonization of Africa did more damage than good. Europeans left African colonies underdeveloped by exploiting Africa’s natural resources without developing the support system African’s needed to continue development on their own. But, there’s still hope. â€Å"Despite the devastating effects of colonization, Africa as a whole has emerged scarred but not broken. † (Young, 2007) Works Cited Abdulai, J. (2009). Psychological Effects of Colonization Haunt Africa. Retrieved January 19, 2012, from The African Executive: http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=4269 en.wikipedia.org. (2012). Scramble for Africa. Retrieved January 18, 2012, from en.wikipedia.org: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa Healy, M. (1994). Sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved January 18, 2012, from harper College Website: http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/g101ilec/ssa/afh/afcol/afcolfr.htm Nosotro, R. (2010). Europe’s Colonization of Africa. Retrieved January 18, 2012, from HyperHistory.net: http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/comp/cw25colonizationafrica.htm Young, B. (2007). Broadview Entertainment Arts University Website. Retrieved January 19, 2012, from The Long Tern Consequences of the Colonization of Africa: http://www.helium.com/items/559879-the-long-term-consequences-of-the-colonization-of-africa

A Review of Term Paper Online

A Review of Term Paper Online The cost is dependent upon the intricacy of the job. Furthermore, the price you will cover the term paper will be affordable as you're certain to receive 15% discount on the purchase. Our rates are nominal for each service. To begin with, have a good look at the payment procedure, money-back guarantee, and the pricing policy. If you are liable for receiving the money and sending the paper, ensure you receive the money upfront to prevent scams. On-line banking sites may also take some time to start up and can be challenging to learn at first. Furthermore, you'll get solid money-back guarantee and confidentiality policy. No matter the case might be, there are both advantages and disadvantages to internet banking. Term Paper Online Options Preparation of the thesis is the main undertaking for every single student. An outline helps present arguments coherently so that you know what things to write about on each step of the entire practice. The exact first step in picking out a term paper topic is knowing precisely what your teacher wants. Usually, students are on a small budget, so they're looking for inexpensive research papers to order. Writing a term paper is an incredibly important procedure that demands large investments, along with the moment, work and nerves. Writers in our particular writing service can enable you to be sure you won't lose your grade. Brainstorming and utilizing the Internet are a couple of the best-known methods for finding fantastic term paper topics. In case you have difficulties with writing of individual tasks, remember, we're always prepared to help you. The Rise of Term Paper Online The structure ought to be organized and well-researched. Buying research papers online is essential for students who need to become high. You ought to make an outline. Possessing an outline is essential though. It is necessary to give plagiarism free write my term paper services at an inexpensive price. Our service extends into the last stages of the expression paper. It is also simpler to compare the write my term paper services offered by the various writing companies online. You know that if you want to get a term paper, you ought to pay attention to a range of details. In order to acquire quality write my term paper solutions, one ahs to select a business that has the absolute most qualified and the most dependable writers. The standard of an essay or a term paper isn't a thing it is simple to measure. Think as someone who's going to read your paper. There are lots of paper templates to select from, but the majority of the time your instructor will require a specific format for the entire class to follow. All you should know is where to purchase term papers online. If you want to purchase a term paper on the internet to base your own work on through Ultius, then you're in luck. Below are a few links and an overall outline about how to compose your term papers. Each has its precise features, and that means you may not format a paper in APA if it must be MLA. If you have to compose a term paper, but don't understand what things to do with it, we've prepared the essential information for you. You are able to receive a term paper that's professionally written in any format from our site. Think about the options 100% custom designed papers allows you to make a paper you know is plagiarism free, term papers full of quality information that could get you the grade you're looking for without the hassles of totally free term paper help. Regardless of what your course of study is, term papers are something you may have to submit at quite regular intervals and the majority of them are graded. Throughout college, you'll be requested to work on multiple forms of term papers. Understanding assorted kinds of term papers will aid you to find the best grades.

Business And Environment Btec Unit 1 - 2110 Words

COLBOURNE COLLEGE STUDENT COVER PAGE TERM PAPER STUDENT’S NAME: Tashornna Simpson STUDENT ID NUMBER:COL 1269 COURSE TITLE: Business and Environment COURSE UNIT: BTEC Unit 1 RESEARCH TITLE: IN PARTIAL COMPLETION OF: DATE: December 19,2014 NAME OF LECTURER: Mrs. Robb- Walters TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE Page Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Rational†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Background Vision and Mission Statements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-6 Goals and objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Findings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9-15 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19-20 Executive Summary When a company or organization understands the significance of global factors that shape national business activities and utilizes them well, it can be a great asset to the economic development of that business. In using the global factor for a company, the methodology chosen and used must be in line with the company goals and objectives. The significance of international trade was explained where international trade was define as the buying and selling of goods or services across a national border. The impact of global factor on UK and local businessShow MoreRelatedBtec Business Level Three - Unit 1 - the Business Environment Assignment 19348 Words   |  38 PagesBTEC National in Business Unit 1- The Business Environment Assignment 1 – Types of Businesses Task P1 The BBC is the largest broadcasting organisation in the world. Its mission statement is to enrich people lives with programs that inform, educate and entertain. The BBC has the second largest budget of any UK broadcaster with an operating expenditure of  £4.23 billion in 2009/2010. The only UK broadcaster with a larger operating expenditure is British Sky Broadcasting with  £5.9 billion (http://enRead MoreBtec Level 3 in Business, Unit 1 the Business Environment18355 Words   |  74 PagesTask 1 Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of 2 contrasting types of businesses. Sole Trader A sole trader is a business owned by 1 person. It does not have limited liability meaning that if it fails and creates debts the owner is personally responsible for this. Sole trader’s usually have to work long hours and learn about all the aspects of business as many start up businesses cannot afford to hire people to take on other tasks. The owner is responsible for everything that goesRead MoreBtec Level 3 Diploma Unit 1: the Business Environment2118 Words   |  9 Pages|Assignment title: |Business Environment | | |The purpose of this assignment is to: | |Allow you to demonstrate your understanding of a range of business organisations and the factors which impact the operations of these businesses in| |the contemporary world. Read MoreAssignment for Pgd1041 Words   |  5 PagesLondon Coursework Assessment Feedback (Final Submission) Course Details Course Name Unit number Unit Name Credit Value Lecturer Hand Out Date Hand In Date 11/03/2011 BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma in Strategic Management Leadership (Level7) 9 Managing Corporate Responsibility In The Wider Business Environment 10 A.Ismail ï‚ · This assignment must be completed by all the candidates undertaking Edexcel BTEC Level-7 Advanced Professional Diploma in Management. Reasonable consideration will beRead MoreUnit 14 Working with and Leading People1161 Words   |  5 PagesUNIT 14: WORKING WITH AND LEADING PEOPLE Unit 14: Unit code: QCF level: Credit value: Aim Working with and Leading People M/601/0908 5 15 credits The aim of this unit is to develop the skills and knowledge needed for working with and leading others, through understanding the importance of recruiting the right people for the job. Unit abstract An organisation’s success depends very much on the people working in it, and recruiting the right people is a key factor. Organisations withRead MoreStrategic Planning Assignment1403 Words   |  6 Pagesu South Thames College BTEC Level 7 Extended Diploma in Strategic Management and Leadership Assignment Submission Document Please attach to work submitted | | | | |Student Name: |Student ID: |Course Code: | Read MoreStrategic Change Management1080 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 1 Business Environment Assessment Activity Front Sheet This front sheet must be completed by the learner (where appropriate) and included with the work submitted for assessment. Learner Name Date Issued Hand in Date Assessor Name Submitted on Qualification Level 4 Edexcel BTEC Higher National in Business (QCF) Unit 1 Business Environment – 15 credits Assignment 1 will give learners the opportunity to achieve: Learning Outcome 1 – understand the organisational purposes of businesses LearningRead MoreEssay on Identify the Purposes of Different Types of Organisations.1685 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment Brief Unit Details: Unit Code: Business Environment (Unit 1) Programme Name: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business Awarding body: Edexcel Unit Level (QCF): QCF-4 Academic term: May 2013 Assessment Brief Unit Details: Unit Code: Business Environment (Unit 1) Programme Name: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business Awarding body: Edexcel Unit Level (QCF): QCF-4 Academic term: May 2013 Course Details | Course Name | BTEC Higher NationalRead MoreMarketing Principles3151 Words   |  13 PagesREGENT COLLEGE BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business Assignment Brief Unit Number: Unit Title: 4 Marketing Principles BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Unit 4: Marketing Principles Assignment Cover Sheet Assignment No: ............................................. I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work. I have identified and acknowledged all sources used in this assignment and have referenced according to the Harvard Referencing system. I have read and understoodRead MoreMarketing Principles3139 Words   |  13 PagesREGENT COLLEGE BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business Assignment Brief Unit Number: Unit Title: 4 Marketing Principles BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Unit 4: Marketing Principles Assignment Cover Sheet Assignment No: ............................................. I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work. I have identified and acknowledged all sources used in this assignment and have referenced according to the Harvard Referencing system. I have read

The Invention of Television and Its Effects on Society

People in todays society live a daily life that a basic person could map out. They go to work, come home and make dinner, and sit down and watch some television. For kids it would be to come home from school, and watch television. Television has become a major power in our culture. It is our way to watch the news, hear the weather forecast, and to sit down and relax watching our favorite show or movie. But is the television really that good for our society? In 1884 the first ideas of the television came to an inventor by the name of Paul Nipkow. It was called the scanning disk and was patented by him in 1884. It worked by having a large disk spin in front of an object, while the photoelectric cell that worked it would take in the changes†¦show more content†¦This led to a battle between the powers for the patent on the television. Farnsworth knew that he couldnt license his own inventions at the time because the patent war was in court. Farnsworth himself couldnt even keep h is own working area stable. During the patent battle he fired his fellow lab workers and rehired them many times. This was due not only to financial troubles, but of his lack of confidence in his control in the company. RCA in the meantime had begun their investment in the idea of the television. Before 1939 the Radio Corporation of America had dumped over ten million dollars into the development of the television. At the 1939 Worlds Fair in New York, Sarnoff spoke on behalf of RCA and said that they would launch commercial television. This was an understatement for the time though as the Radio Corporation of Americas camera was not yet ready, and the corporation had yet to own a patent on the television. RCA later in 1939 had to pay patent royalties to Farnsworths company, which made Farnsworth part of the television scene. But Farnsworth now realized that the situation was out of his hands and into businessmens hands. He sold off his company after World War II. In todays world television has taken a very dominant role in our lives. One could look at the average Americans viewing habits as follows. A person wakes up and turns on the television to see the morning weather and how their stocks fared. The individual proceeds to go to work,Show MoreRelated The Invention and Evolution of Television Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesThe Invention and Evolution of Television    The television is an invention that without a doubt changed the world. Televisions have been available for the public to own since the early ‘40s. Like every invention the Television’s popularity started off slow. At the end of World War Two about 8,000 households owned a television. At this point in time televisions were all black and white, small, and had no more than a few channels to choose from. The programming consisted of entertainment andRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Television on Society885 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Television on Society The question whether or not television has had a decisive influence on everyday life and has helped change society, has been questioned by sociologists and psychologists for many years now. â€Å"T.V. determines what people think and what they do and thus controls them psychologically and socially. It can make people think things they would not otherwise think, and do things they would not otherwise do.â€Å"(Srinati, 2000: 179) Read MoreThe Adverse Effects of TV Essay examples755 Words   |  4 PagesYears ago, society was full of hard-working, fit, energetic people who diligently worked to improve civilization. But then, society became infected – by television. The virus slowly spread from person to person and began to take over the lives of everyone it encountered. Over the course of eight decades, the virus came to dictate every day activities and transformed a spirited species into languid losers. Television has ultimately turned society into a vegetable garden that is controlled by technologicalRead MoreTelevision And Its Effect On The World Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe way we are using television today is amazing. We can stay aware of what s happening on the other side of the world. There will always be something on T.V no matter what mood you re in. For example, there are cooking shows, scary movies, sad movies, funny shows and etc. The amount of money that made for television is insa ne. From commercials being thousands of dollars to shows costing millions to air. It wasn t something people back in the 1900s thought was ever possible. The way people wouldRead More Televisions Effects on the Natural Environment Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesTelevisions Effects on the Natural Environment You may be thinking, â€Å"How on earth could the TV have an affect on our natural environment?† and you have every right to. At first glance, it may seem impossible that the TV can have an effect on our natural surroundings; but, nevertheless, it does. One of the ways that the TV can have an effect on our surroundings is by the amount of power that is needed to run all of the TV’s in the world. I realize, that compared to other appliancesRead MoreEssay about The Harmful Effects of Technology1651 Words   |  7 Pagesnineteenth centuries, there have been many advances in technology. The invention of the telephone, the cell phone, and the computer have greatly increased society’s ability to communicate, and automobiles have enabled more efficient transportation. Television and the World Wide Web have provided entertainment for people of all ages. Technological inventions seem to have improved our way of life, but they have caused many side effects that have a negative impact on the world as well. Although there haveRead MoreEssay on Negative Effects of Tv on Family Life1130 Words   |  5 PagesNegative Effects of TV The television has many effects on family life and the individual, causing family bonds to unravel and the individual to become naà ¯ve of their surroundings. The TV keeps one hooked for hours on end, causing family relationships to diminish and personal relationships to weaken. Not only does the TV seem to be a good alternative to conversations and interactions amongst one another, but it also helps to create a gap between the fictional world of TV and reality. Since theRead MoreLight Bulbs : The Invention That Changed The World895 Words   |  4 PagesLight bulbs: The Invention that Changed the World In our contemporary American society, we tend to take for granted the incredible inventions that surround us daily. From the inventions of cell phones to hybrid cars, new innovations shape our daily lives. One important invention transformed the American lifestyle and increased productivity: Light bulbs. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison developed an incandescent light bulb that used platinum filaments, which was later replaced in 1880 with a carbonizedRead MoreEstablishing a popular culture or becoming a celebrity has been a desire of many. The rewards in1200 Words   |  5 Pagesmanner in which individuals have sought to bring themselves to the attention of others and, not incidentally, have gained power over them. The desire to accomplish recognition is both universal and timeless, and Steve Jobs made it to the top with his invention of the iPhone, not only in the United States, but also across the world. One of the main factors that really fuelled iPhone to become a pop culture was Apple’s competition with Google. In this regard, it turned out that Google, whose former CEORead MoreThe History of Television Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of television and its influence on people lives. How did television revolutionize the world? TV, more commonly known as ‘television’ is one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. In ancient Greek tà ¨le means ‘far, and in Latin visio means sight. From my perspective and many people of the world television has changed the way we live. Television has brought many amazing things, however nothing is perfect. Television sets were commercially available since the late 1920s but in very

Marvel Corporate Stucture Free Essays

The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Inc. at a price of $4. 24 billion, on December 31, 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Marvel Corporate Stucture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since then Marvel Entertainment has been run as a limited liability company under the Walt Disney Company. Isaac Perlmutter CEO of Marvel Entertainment continued to retain his position after the Disney purchase and he now â€Å"oversee Marvel properties and will work with Disney’s corporate branch to integrate Marvel’s properties under the Disney umbrella. (w1) â€Å"Disney is the perfect home for Marvel’s fantastic library of characters given its proven ability to expand content creation and licensing businesses,† said Perlmutter. â€Å"This is an unparalleled opportunity for Marvel to build upon its vibrant brand and character properties by accessing Disney’s tremendous global organization and infrastructure around the world. â€Å"(w1) Corporate structure at marvel Entertainment is further divided base on the company’s operating divisions and subsidiaries. The three divisions part of Marvel Entertainment are Marvel Toys, Marvel Television, and Spider-man Merchandising, L. P. Marvel Toys, the toy division of Marvel Entertainment is run by Isaac Perlmutter. Marvel Television launched in 2010 is run by Jeph Loeb. And Spider-man Merchandising, L. P is â€Å"a joint venture of Marvel and Sony Pictures Consumer Products Inc, which owns the rights to Spider-Man movie related licensed products. †(w2) Much of the media content that comes from Marvel Entertainment is produced under several different subsidiaries. ? Marvel Entertainment International Limited Marvel Film Productions LLC ? Marvel Internet Productions LLC ? Marvel Property, Inc. ? Marvel Toys Limited ? MRV, Inc. ? MVL Development LLC ? MVL International C. V. intellectual property holding companies ? Marvel Characters, Inc. ? Marvel Characters B. V. ? Marvel International Character Holdings LLC ? Marvel Publishing, Inc. ? Marvel Studios ? MVL Film Finance LLC ? Marvel Animati on B. Corporate Culture Since new came out about Disney’s acquisition of Marvel Entertainment many critics said it would have an enormous effect on the culture at marvel. Several of these early reports were due to the fact of contrast between Marvel’s dark villains and heroes, and Disney’s more kid friendly characters. Manny people feared that the parent company Disney would try to change many of Marvel’s franchise characters, and viewed this change in corporate culture as a weakness to the future of Marvel Entertainment. However they way Marvel and Disney operate as a business is not very different from one another. In comparing Marvel’s previous mission statement to Disney one can see that there is not much reasoning as to why this acquisition would be a weakness to Marvel. Marvel’s previous mission statement: â€Å"Marvel’s operations are focused on utilizing its character franchises in licensing, entertainment, publishing and toys. Areas of emphasis include feature films, DVD/home video, consumer products, video games, action figures and role-playing toys, television and promotions. Rooted in the creative success of over sixty years of comic book publishing, Marvel’s strategy is to leverage its character franchises in a growing array of opportunities around the world. † (w3) Disney’s Mission statement: The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. † (w4) Moreover Bob Iger, president and CEO of Disney has said â€Å"Marvel brings added value to Disney, but [they] are allowed to retain their unique culture. † (w5) Using the Disney acquisition of Pixar in 2006, Iger has been true to his word in allowing acquired companies to continue to work under their own corporate culture. W1 http://www. lifthill. com/news/disney-to-purchase-marvel-entertainment/ W2 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marvel_Entertainment W3 http://rochester. iweb. bsu. edu/profile. html W4 http://retailindustry. about. com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Walt-Disney-Mission-Statement. htm W5 http://micechat. com/forums/news/138873-iger-disney-innovated-pixar-marvel. html How to cite Marvel Corporate Stucture, Papers

Religious Freedom free essay sample

Freedom In the United States today, Catholics find themselves religiously threatened by new government laws and mandates. Some of the most prestigious Catholic agencies find themselves choosing between their moral beliefs, or completely shutting down due to society and the new laws. Same-sex marriage laws have lead to countless number of lawsuits due to Christians refusing to give in to societys standards. Catholic citizens, in such a chaotic and immoral society, must fight the social normal and restore the eliefs and teachings of Christ. The city of Boston, home to one of the nations oldest adoption agencies, recently found itself forced to make a somewhat impossible decision: Molate its conscience or close its doors. (USCCB). In order to be legally licensed in the state, the adoption agencies would have to abide by laws in regards to discrimination against sexual orientation, meaning children would have to have the option to live with same-sex couples. We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The same scenario started sweeping the nation. Charities and agencies in San Francisco, Illinois, Georgia, and the District of Columbia were also quickly forced to shut down permanently. In Illinois specifically, the state would no longer provide them with money if they refused to place children in same- sex homes. Bishop Paprocki of the Diocese of Springfield said, In the name of tolerance, we are not being tolerated (USCCB). Catholics must fight for the most vital parts of the Church, its agencies and charities, defending the idea of religious freedom. Catholic Social Teaching states that as members of the church every ndividual has a call to participation, and community, fghting for Justice in society (Catholic Social Teaching). Whether it includes going to the nations capital, or raising money in a local parish, every Catholic should make an effort to fight for true religious freedom in every country around the world. The conflict of religious freedom extends beyond the United States, to the neighboring country of Canada. A recent government announcement of a Canadian Charter of Quebec values defines Quebec as a strictly secular state. The minister responsible for Democratic Institutions and Active Citizenship says, We therefore propose to establish a duty of religious neutrality and reserve among state personnel. This duty would mean that state employees could not wear conspicuous religious symbols while they work (Catholic News Agency). This law concerns many people in the state, forbidding simple Jewelry like rosary bracelets, small crucifixes, veils, etc. Quebec essentially desires to eliminate any religious element in its society. Catholic schools, though still llowed to keep its title of catholic, will see a drastic change, with the government dictating what teachers can and cannot teach the students. Christians, Muslims, Jews, etc. from all over proceed to call on the government to overturn these strict restrictions. Bishops and religious leaders continue to act on the call to participate, writing letters, and conducting interviews stating the immediate actions that need to be taken against the charter. All around the globe, governments continue to pass laws limiting the work of Catholic agencies and faithful believers.

Iran Iraq war causes and consequences free essay sample

Iran-Iraq conflict causes and consequences (1980-88) INTRODUCTION : This conflict began when Iraq invaded iran in 1980 followed by border disputes and Irq’s desire to become dominant Persian Gulf state and the Iranian revolution at that time .but they couldn’t get the control they only occupied some portion of iran and then repelled by iran .Despite calls for a ceasefire by the United Nations Security Council, hostilities continued until 20 August 1988. The war finally ended with Resolution 598, Causes : The causes of Iran Iraq conflicts can be attributed to wide range of issues Political causes-historical claims of territory, Shatt Al Arab waterway dispute and result of six day war Economic causes- occupying of Khuzestan, religious  Cultural causes- cultural differences between Iran and Iraq and results of the Iranian revolution Long term causes: Historical disputes: The historical disputes over the shatt al arab waterway and border can be traced back to the Islamic period that occurred in 7 th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Iran Iraq war causes and consequences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page invasions and counter invasions occurred between Mesopotamia and Persia regions.Iraq’s population was primarily composed of arab with small minority of kurds.Iran’s population was more diverse Persian,kurds,baluchis,turkmans and other tukic groups. In 1420 ad safavid empire began rebelling against dominance of Ottoman empire in Middle east. Ottomoan empire was In control over Iraq and safavid empire was in control of curren Iran.distinct branches in Islam (shai and sunni)became more distinct.resulted in the beginning of present day nationalism.in 1639 ad treaty of zuhab border lines between countries had always been vauge when described in the treaty of zuhab.the treaty was signed between former Ottomon empire (the Iraqis)and the safavid empire(Iran).treaty of zuhab stated that the border between Iran and Iraq would run between the zagros mountains and the tigris river.this treaty acted as final solution to the hundred year territorial dispute between the two countries.it grants the Persians tsoutheren Caucasus and all of Mesopotamia to the Ottomans the treaty however did not end the animosity  between Iran and Iraq.18 additional trations were digned before the turn of the twentieth century. In 1847 treaty of ezerum,was signed by two countries deeming the water way as a border.russian and Britain assumed roles as medi ators to 1847 treaty.Iraq would maintain complete control of this waterway and territories to the east and Iran would only granted minimal access to the river.however Iran only agreed upon these terms in exchange for two Iraqi cities.however shortly after Iran began to push their claims west.wanted to maintain part, if not all of shatt waterway and have unlimited access. In 1937 a revised treaty was established between the newly established and independent Iran and Iraq.the boundaries were to run along the left bank(east bank) of shatt al arab,except for a stretch of 8 kilometers in front of Abadan(Iranian town).Iran and Iraq maintained a somewhat friendly relationship. relationship was later disrupted by instability of monarchies. Border and shatt al arab water way disputes. Shatt al arab water way is responsible for the connection between the Persian gulf with Iranian ports of khorramshan and Abadan and Iraqi port of basra.the shatt al arab is of utmost significance as it acts as the current Iraq’s only access to the Persian gulf.the Russians supported the desired claim of the eastern bank waterway to the Persians while the Britain backup the Ottoman in occupying both banks.the support from the Russians and bretain in the occupying for the river would give them each an upper hand with their trading partners Shatt al arab treaty 1847 treaty was established and stated that the shatt would act as boundary khorramshahn and Abadan.Iraq would maintain complete control of this waterway and Iran would not be granted access to the river.howerver,Iran only agreed upon these terms in exchange for the two Iraqi cities.they turn reducd their dependence on the river. Short term causes: Result of six day war: The participation of Iraq during the October war,more commonly referred to as the six day war,under the governing of the Baath party was quite minimal.their minimal participation is primarly attributed to iarq’s poor preparation.this resulted in Iraq’s mentality to improve their warfare and  expand military.iraqpurchased 1600 additional tanks from the USSR and 200 more aircrafts.Baath party promoted saddam to head of military competence,essentially giving saddam the right to complete military control. Nationalism rivalry for power: Result of Iranian revolution: shah of Iran was overthrown in 1979 by radical Islamist and communist.ayatollah Khomeini came into power . the Iranian government led by shah was previously pro-western and anti-socialist turned into highly religious and theocratic government.Israel and the united states were now seen as enimies.mentality of Iranian government was drastically altered. Quest for dominance: with overthrowing of shah dictatorship,the shi’i muslims of Iran saw this as the new beginning for the country.they developed a strong sense of pride and nationlisam in their country.ayatollah Khomeini accused saddam’s regime of being anti-Islamic and overly secular. Looking to overthrow Iraqi regime. That was part of khomeinini’s border plan of expanding the Islamic revolution throughout the middle east. Saddam Hussein ,in Iraq was at the same time looking to establish himself as a great leader in the arab community.their neighbor’s in the west were seen as their largest threat.Iran was viewed as military vulanarable as result of their recent revolution in 1979.it is difficult to pinpoint precisely to when thewar broke out.earliest forms of violence between two countries are the attack of Iranian villages of khmoneini supporting Iraqis in 1979 by Iraq and the support of rebel groups and the deportation of Iraq born Iraqi civilians.majority of these acts of violence occurred at the border between Iran and Iraq The occupation of Khuzestan: Another geographic region that was considered valuble in addition to the shatt al arab ws Khuzestan.Iarq strategized to sieze control over Khuzestan(occurd in 1980),which is located in south western Iran across from the waterway.khuzestan is rich with oil and is responsible for majority of Iran’s oil supply.saddam was convinced that the capture of this valuble piece of land would result in a new Iranian revolution that would call for the instillations of a government whose intrests were more comparable with Iraq’s. Religious and governmental differences: Difference in ideologies and religious beliefs between Iran and Iraq was an outstanding issue.newly established leaders caused an increased level of nationalism. The invasion of Iran by saddam Hussein acted as culmination to fighting. Effects during the Iran Iraq war: In the final stages of war(1987-1988) no clear military gain for either sides’1983-84 stalemate. Iraq began facing difficulties prior to 1987.lacked capability to counter attack Iranian offensives. outnumbered by population. Iran strengthened by war strong initiative in 1987 attacks seeming better able to survive along conflict.since regaining all lost territory in 1982,Iran was on the offensive until 1988.course of war changed radically in spring of 1988 moving nations to cease fire. Series of Iraqi victories in 1988 compelled Iran to accept previously refused ceasefire agreement. Taker war: Tanker war of 1984 Iraqi attempt to sabotage Iran.strait of hormuz one of the most strategically important passages for oil transport. United states threatened to invade Iran if they closed strait. Iraq attacked Iranian kharg island iol tankers in 1984.iran retailed by attacking tankers of all countries that supported Iraq. Both nations attacked oil tankers and merchant ships in an effort to bankrupt opponent. US involvement lead to death of 290 innocent passengers on mistaken airline,strike on 5 oil vessels.damaged Iranian American relations. War of cities: Stalemate 1985-1987,Iraqi forces better trained ,out numbered by Iranian forces,civilinas became new target.started by Iraq February 1988.Iraq attacked 65 Iranian citites in 42 days 8 missile targets killed 65 children in an elementary school. Iranian civilian aircrafts,trains,Teheran oil refinery were destroyed . Iraq launched 520 scuds at Iran, received 177 in return.in march Iran retaliated by launching 3 scud missiles at Baghdad.gave Iraq excuse to sharply escalate war. Iran was losing morale after 8 years of  conflict. Repeated offesives exhausted Iranian capabilities for the war. Iranians no longer supported the war. Publicizing the war pushed for UN ceasefire .Iran ambiguously accepted.USSR and China denied US,UK and France’s arms embargo. Iran angrily denied USSR limited missile ceasefire. Iraqi Kurdistan: Iraqi controlled portion. Historically oppressed by the Iraqi government. Kurdish support for Iran angered Iraq. Iraq launched support for Iran angered Iraq. Iraq launched heavy poison gas attacks on halabjah, march 1988. Khomeini showed will to accept resolution 598 â€Å"happy are those who have departed through martyrdom †¦.unhappy am I that I have drunk this poisoned chalice â€Å". United States only nation that did not publicly condemn use of chemical warfare. Final stages –moving towards ceasefire: 1988 critical turning point in war’s outcome. 3 factors: that played a major role are decline of Iran’s ability to continue fighting due to political and military losses .western presence in gulf combined with Iran’s diplomatic isolation. critical changes to Iraq’s armed forces and methods of warfare. Cease fire: Iran accepted peace resolution 598 on august 20 1988, both sides agreed to pre-war boundaries. Important aspects of Resolution 598: Accept ceasefire and withdraw forces. Settle border disputes under UN held negotiations. Same terms as 1982 resolution. final exchange of POW in 2003. Effects after war: In Iraq: Political effects: Immediately rebuilt broken ties with Saudi Arabia ,Kuwait , Bahrain . started relations with European countries. Diplomatic problems with west untouched. UN was looking to contain Iran. New Iranian leadership (1989) ayatollah khomenini dies, ali Khamenei elected as supreme leader of Iran by assembly of experts. Akbar Rafsanjani elected as president. Adopted economy first policy.attempted to boost foreign investment and trade through liberalizing Iranian markets. Supported privatization policy. Economic reforms helped spur Iranian regrowth. Economic effects: Collapsing economy, futher declined collapse from Islamic revolution. More than 1 million casualities. Exhausted foreign reserves (14.6 billions to 1 billion). Saudi Arabia vetoed Iranian OPEC attempt to cut production and raise prices. Cultural effects: Shi’a muslims continued to dominate. Iranian revolutionary guard corps created to defend theocratic rule (Shiite national guard). Before his death, khomenin tried influencing sunni Iranians with his own theocratic beliefs. The 90s saw an imbalance of religion and republicanism. Technological effects: Outcome of war influenced scientific advancements in Iran.experianced technological and research revival.has fastest scientific growth rate. In Iraq: political effects: US-Iraq ties. Us largest western supporter of Iraq during the war. Iraq believed it could act without consequence in Gulf war.president bush signed NSD26, US wants to maintain friendly relations with gulf oil states.national security for US and stability in Gulf. Iraq relied on the oil exports to rrebuild economy .law of supply states that as supply increses, price decreses (vice versa). Kuwait refused to implement quota. Iraq’s economy unable to rebuild from war reparations. Accusations of Kuwait drilling illegally in Irqa oil fields. Lead to invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Cultural effects : Hussein introduced austerity measures to mobilize population for war effort. All citizens required to donate blood. To gain Shiite support, more were let into the government . brought support by making generous contributions of shia waqf.in Kurdish genocide systematic attacks against Kurdish population. US assisted Iraq in avoiding repercussions from worldwide condemnation. mustard gas, sarin chemical weapons. massacred 50000-100000 civilians. destroyed 4000 villages,4500 schools mosques, hospitals and 27 churches. War brought international attention to Kurdish oppression. UN passed resolution 688 in 1991,condemning Iraqi oppression of Kurd. demanded access to humanitarian aid. Economic effects: 600 billions debt accumulated with the destruction of economic developments. relations with allies grew tense as Iraq unable to pay back debts. Slowed GDP growth. eventually became most indebted poor country in the world. Conclusion: 8 years of fighting in vain,for both sides.this is the deadliest conflits since world war II.both countries were devasted economically. Iran seemed to have learnt from mistakes, while bankrupt Iraq found it self involved in another conflict .in 1990,saddam Hussein recognized Iranian rights over eastern half of shaat-al –Arab. First widespread use of chemical warfare since 1918.and Iran became more militaristic and anti-western.

The STOP ERA Campaign Against Womens Equality

The STOP ERA Campaign Against Women's Equality STOP  ERA was the name of conservative activist Phyllis Schlaflys campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) which she founded after Congress passed the proposed amendment in 1972. Her campaign played a significant role in the fight to prevent ERA from being ratified in the 1970s. The Origins of STOP ERA The name of STOP ERA is based on an acronym for Stop Taking Our Privileges.  The campaign argued that women were already protected under the laws of the time and making ERA gender neutral would somehow deprive women of their special protections and privileges. STOP ERAs major supporters were already supporters of Schlaflys conservative group, Eagle Forum, and came from the right wing of the Republican Party. Christian conservatives also organized for STOP ERA and used their churches to provide meeting spaces for events and network with legislators who were valuable to the strategic approach of the movement. Though STOP ERA included people from a wide variety of existing groups, Phyllis Schlafly led the effort and hand-picked state directors to steer the campaign as well. The state organizations raised funds and decided on a strategy for the initiative. The 10-Year Campaign and Beyond The STOP  ERA campaign fought against the amendment from the time it was sent to the states for ratification in 1972 until the final ERA deadline in 1982. Ultimately, ratification of the ERA fell three states short of the number needed to add it to the Constitution. Many organizations, including the National Organization for Women (NOW), continue to work for an amendment guaranteeing equal rights for women. In response, Phyllis Schlafly continued her STOP  ERA campaign through her Eagle Forum organization, which warned that radical feminists and â€Å"activist judges† still want to pass the amendment. Schlafly, however, died in 2016. The Anti-Feminist Philosophy Phyllis Schlafly was so well known for her antagonism to gender equality that the Eagle Forum described her as the â€Å"most articulate and successful opponent of the radical feminist movement.† An advocate for honoring the â€Å"dignityâ€Å" of the role of homemaker, Schlafly called the women’s liberation movement highly detrimental to families and the U.S. as a whole. Reasons to Stop the ERA Phyllis Schlafly traveled across the U.S. throughout the 1970s calling for opposition to the ERA because it would supposedly lead to a reversal in gender roles, same-sex marriages, and women in combat, which would weaken the militarys combat strength. Opponents of the amendment also speculated that it would result in taxpayer-funded abortions, unisex bathrooms, and remove laws that depend on gender to define a sex crime. Perhaps most of all, Schalfy feared that ERA would hurt families and eliminate Social Security benefits for widows and homemakers. Although she had earned a salary, Schalfy did not believe women should be in the paid workforce, especially if they had young children. If women were to stay home and raise families, earning no benefits of their own, Social Security was a necessity. Another concern was that ERA would abolish a husbands legal responsibility to support his wife and family and would alter child support and alimony laws to make them gender neutral. Overall, conservatives worried that the amendment would undermine the authority of men over women, which they saw as the proper power relationship for well-functioning families.   Many of these claims about ERA have been disputed by legal scholars. Still, the STOP  ERA campaign continues to generate news whenever the ERA is reintroduced in national or state legislative sessions. Edited and updated with additional information by Jone Johnson Lewis.